Table 5.
Late outcomes for late-presenting tetralogy of Fallot patients undergoing surgical correction
| Study | Patient population (age at repair) | Follow-up duration | Key late outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nollert et al., 1997 [14] | 71 adult TOF patients (mean age: 27.7 years) | 35 years | 10-year survival: 94%, 35-year survival: 72%; late mortality due to arrhythmias, CHF, MI |
| John et al., 1986 [15] | 200 TOF patients (age > 14 years) | 17 years | 97% survivors in NYHA class I–II; late survival rates similar to age-matched controls |
| Atik et al., 2004 [27] | 39 adults (mean age 26.6 years) | 15 years | Actuarial survival 68.4% at 15 years; arrhythmias (38.9%), RV dysfunction (38.2%), moderate/severe PR (26.5%) |
| Egbe et al., 2019 [29] | 18,353 adult TOF patients (median age at PVR: 34 years) | 13.6 ± 8.2 years | Mortality 0.9% per year; risk factors: age > 42, AF, QRS fragmentation, LV EF < 50% |
| Dłużniewska et al., 2018 [35] | 83 adults (mean age: 30.5 ± 10.7 years) | 25 years | Good long-term survival; QRS duration correlated with RV dysfunction |
| Ducas et al., 2021 [34] | 230 adults with TOF repaired in childhood | 7.9 years | Higher PVR rates in TAP patients (65.1%) compared to annulus-preserving (16.3%) |
| Bokma et al., 2023 [37] | 1537 adult TOF patients with repaired TOF | Median 16 years | PVR reduced risk of mortality and VT in RV ESVI > 80 mL/m2 group |
| Yasukawa et al., 2021 [33] | 30 adults undergoing PVR | 1-year post-PVR | LV stroke volume index remains low, persistent RV/LV dysfunction in subnormal SVI group |
TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; CHF, congestive heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricle; PR, pulmonary regurgitation; PVR, pulmonary valve replacement; AF, atrial fibrillation; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TAP, transannular patch; ESVI, End-Systolic Volume Index; VT, ventricular tachycardia; SVI, stroke volume index