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. 2025 May 25;11:52. doi: 10.1038/s41405-025-00342-8

Table 11.

The potential risk of bias of studies addressing monomeric eluates and polymer NMPs from waste landfills

Study Ethics Funding ROB Score (see below*)
Mulligan et al. [47] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Research Grant (Ref. 002-2013) 3/3
Martin et al. [46] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Trust Fund 1/3
Mulligan et al. [45] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Trust Fund 1/3
Falyouna et al. [44] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Trust Fund & BDA (002-2013) 2/3
Mulligan et al. [43] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Trust Fund 1/3
Mulligan et al. [42] Not applicable Public: Shirley Glasstone Hughes Trust Fund (Ref. 002-2013) 1/3
2021 Mulligan 2019 Martin (Abstract) 2018 Mulligan (Abstract) 2018 Falyouna (Proceedings) 2017 Mulligan (Abstract) 2015 Mulligan (Abstract)
Are the details of the sampling method described adequately? Y Y(½) Y(½) Y Y(½) Y(½)
Are the details of the analytical methodology described adequately? Y Y(½) Y(½) Y Y(½) Y(½)
Are the details of the calibration process for the analytic equipment adequately described? Y N N N N N
3 1 1 2 1 1

* ROB criteria.