Table 5.
Literature studies on the regulation of osteoporosis by oxidative stress mediated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
| Intervention measures | Induction model | Animal/cell source | Ethical review | Signalling pathway | Research results | Literature source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tocopherol | H2O2 | BMSCs | Yes | By inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR | Maintain cell viability and reduce ROS levels in H2O2-stimulated BMSCs | Lan (77) |
| IL-15 | – | Osteoclast | Yes | Increase the expression of p-Akt and mTOR | Promoting the secretion of IL-15 can increase the level of oxidative stress and facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts | Shi (78) |
| Leonurine | H2O2 | OVX Rat/BMSCs | Yes | Inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR | Reduce H2O2-induced ROS production, and decrease the levels of intracellular reactive oxidation markers NOX4 and COX2 | Zhao (79) |
| Monotropein | H2O2 | Rat Osteoblasts | Yes | By inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and the signalling of mTOR | Attenuated the H2O2-induced oxidative stress | Shi (80) |
| TFRD+ CaCO3 | OVX | Rat | Yes | Reduced the levels of phosphorylated proteins of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in the oxidative stress pathway of rats in the osteoporosis model | Reduced the levels of oxidative stress-related markers in the serum | Mu (81) |
| Quercetin | H2O2 | SD Rat/BMSCs | Yes | After quercetin treatment, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were downregulated | Downregulate the ROS level and upregulate the expression of antioxidant genes | Lan (82) |
| PQQ+E2 | OVX | C57BL/6 mouse | Yes | – | OVX mice the ROS level and MDA content decreased significantly, while the T-AOC, SOD activity, and the protein expression levels of SOD1, SOD2, and Sirt1 increased significantly | Geng (83) |
| Curcumin | – | Rat | Yes | Activate the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway | Promote the production of ROS and inhibit the expression of FGF23, thereby promoting bone anabolism and the regeneration process | Marcucci (84) |
E2, Estradiol; MDA, Malondialdehyde; T-AOC, Total Antioxidant Capacity; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; TFRD, Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae; PQQ, Pyrroloquinoline quinone.