Table 2.
Utilisation rate, out-of-pocket payment (OOP, in Bangladeshi Taka [BDT]), and benefit incidence of delivery care at public facilities by wealth quintiles.
| Characteristics | Wealth quintile | Number women utilising public facilities (1) | Utilisation rate by wealth quintile (2) | Median OOP expenditure in public facilities reported by participants (3) | Median cost of service in private facilities reported by participants (4) | Net subsidy at public facilities (5 = 4−3) | Individual subsidy (6 = 5 × 2) | Benefit incidence (%) (7 = 6/total individual subsidy x100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Poorest | 200 | 0.22 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3348 | 24.49 |
| Poorer | 171 | 0.19 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 2863 | 20.94 | |
| Middle | 192 | 0.21 | 6000 | 20,000 | 14,000 | 3000 | 21.94 | |
| Richer | 193 | 0.22 | 8000 | 20,000 | 12,000 | 2585 | 18.91 | |
| Richest | 140 | 0.16 | 8000 | 20,000 | 12,000 | 1875 | 13.72 | |
| Level of care | ||||||||
| Primary | Poorest | 99 | 0.27 | 3000 | 20,000 | 17,000 | 4624 | 28.85 |
| Poorer | 73 | 0.20 | 3500 | 20,000 | 16,500 | 3309 | 20.65 | |
| Middle | 66 | 0.18 | 4000 | 20,000 | 16,000 | 2901 | 18.10 | |
| Richer | 77 | 0.21 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3173 | 19.80 | |
| Richest | 49 | 0.13 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 2019 | 12.60 | |
| Secondary | Poorest | 77 | 0.22 | 7000 | 20,000 | 13,000 | 2852 | 23.93 |
| Poorer | 66 | 0.19 | 7000 | 20,000 | 13,000 | 2444 | 20.51 | |
| Middle | 90 | 0.26 | 7000 | 20,000 | 13,000 | 3333 | 27.97 | |
| Richer | 66 | 0.19 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 1880 | 15.78 | |
| Richest | 52 | 0.15 | 10,500 | 20,000 | 9500 | 1407 | 11.81 | |
| Tertiary | Poorest | 24 | 0.13 | 6000 | 20,000 | 14,000 | 1856 | 20.29 |
| Poorer | 32 | 0.18 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 1768 | 19.32 | |
| Middle | 36 | 0.20 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 1989 | 21.74 | |
| Richer | 50 | 0.28 | 15,000 | 20,000 | 5000 | 1381 | 15.10 | |
| Richest | 39 | 0.22 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 2155 | 23.55 | |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | Poorest | 84 | 0.25 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3772 | 31.66 |
| Poorer | 74 | 0.22 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3323 | 27.89 | |
| Middle | 65 | 0.19 | 7000 | 20,000 | 13,000 | 2530 | 21.23 | |
| Richer | 69 | 0.21 | 15,000 | 20,000 | 5000 | 1033 | 8.67 | |
| Richest | 42 | 0.13 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 1257 | 10.55 | |
| Rural | Poorest | 116 | 0.21 | 4500 | 20,000 | 15,500 | 3199 | 21.37 |
| Poorer | 97 | 0.17 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 2589 | 17.29 | |
| Middle | 127 | 0.23 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3390 | 22.64 | |
| Richer | 124 | 0.22 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3310 | 22.10 | |
| Richest | 98 | 0.17 | 5750 | 20,000 | 14,250 | 2485 | 16.60 | |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | Poorest | 151 | 0.26 | 3000 | 7000 | 4000 | 1050 | 35.85 |
| Poorer | 113 | 0.20 | 3500 | 7000 | 3500 | 688 | 23.47 | |
| Middle | 127 | 0.22 | 4500 | 7000 | 2500 | 552 | 18.84 | |
| Richer | 113 | 0.20 | 5000 | 7000 | 2000 | 393 | 13.41 | |
| Richest | 71 | 0.12 | 5000 | 7000 | 2000 | 247 | 8.43 | |
| Caesarean section | Poorest | 49 | 0.15 | 15,000 | 22,000 | 7000 | 1069 | 18.50 |
| Poorer | 58 | 0.18 | 16,250 | 22,000 | 5750 | 1039 | 17.98 | |
| Middle | 65 | 0.20 | 15,000 | 22,000 | 7000 | 1417 | 24.53 | |
| Richer | 80 | 0.25 | 19,000 | 22,000 | 3000 | 748 | 12.94 | |
| Richest | 69 | 0.21 | 15,000 | 22,000 | 7000 | 1505 | 26.04 | |
| Educational attainment | ||||||||
| <10 years | Poorest | 173 | 0.28 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 4185 | 29.66 |
| Poorer | 131 | 0.21 | 5000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 3169 | 22.46 | |
| Middle | 135 | 0.22 | 6000 | 20,000 | 14,000 | 3048 | 21.60 | |
| Richer | 117 | 0.19 | 8000 | 20,000 | 12,000 | 2265 | 16.05 | |
| Richest | 64 | 0.10 | 6000 | 20,000 | 14,000 | 1445 | 10.24 | |
| ≥10 years | Poorest | 27 | 0.10 | 5000 | 21,000 | 16,000 | 1565 | 12.20 |
| Poorer | 40 | 0.14 | 5000 | 21,000 | 16,000 | 2319 | 18.07 | |
| Middle | 57 | 0.21 | 7000 | 21,000 | 14,000 | 2891 | 22.53 | |
| Richer | 76 | 0.28 | 10,000 | 21,000 | 11,000 | 3029 | 23.60 | |
| Richest | 76 | 0.28 | 10,000 | 21,000 | 11,000 | 3029 | 23.60 |
Note: Opportunity gap may impact educational attainment. US$ 1 = 121 BDT (as of April 10, 2025).