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. 2025 May 13;16:1547594. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1547594

Table 3.

Application of SDT-based tumour immunotherapy.

Category Sonosensitizer Parameters Ref
Inorganic Gold nanoparticles 1 MHz (112)
Organic Hematoporphyrin 650 kHz, 0.5 W/cm2 (113)
Inorganic Oxygendeficient MoOx (ODM) 1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(114)
Organic Exosome-inhibiting polymeric sonosensitizer (EIPS) 1 MHz, 1.2 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle,
(115)
Organic Chlorin e6 (Ce6) 1 MHz, 2 W/cm2,
20% duty cycle
(116)
Inorganic Schottky heterojunctions containing Sb component (Sb2Se3@Pt) 30 kHz, 3.0 W/cm2 (117)
MOF Iron-based covalent organic framed nanoadjuvant
doped with curcumin and platinum (CFCP)
1 MHZ, 1 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(118)
Inorganic Titanium diselenide (TiSe2) nanosheets 1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm2,
50% duty rate,
(119)
Organic Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) 1 MHz, 1.4 W/cm2 (120)
Inorganic Tin monosulfide nanoparticles (SnSNPs) 1 MHz, 1 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(121)
Organic Indocyanine green derivatives (IDs) 3.0 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(122)
Inorganic Fe-doped TiO2 nanodots (Fe-TiO2 NDs) 40 kHz, 3 W/cm2,
33% duty cycle
(123)
Inorganic Defect-rich MOF(Ti)
(D-MOF(Ti))
1.0 MHz, 50% duty cycle (124)
Organic THPP 40 kHz, 2 W (131)
Organic Chlorine e6 (Ce6) 1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(125)
Inorganic Fe3O4@TiO2 1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(126)
Inorganic Fluorinated titanium oxide
(TiO2−xFx)
30 kHz, 3 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle,
(127)
MOF Mn-porphyrin-based MOF 40 kHz, 1 W/cm2 (128)
MOF TPP-conjugated porphyrin-based nMOFs
(Zr-TCPP(TPP))
1 MHz, 1 W/cm2,
50% duty cycle
(129)