| BBB | Blood–brain barrier |
| BPPV | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |
| CAD | Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2 (CAD) |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| GIP | Gastric inhibitory polypeptide |
| GLP-1RAs | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists |
| HR | Hazard ratio |
| NEDD4 | Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 |
| RAB8A | Ras-related protein Rab-8A |
| RELA | Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A |
| RR | Risk ratio |
| SLC2A5 | Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 5 |
| SQSTM1 | Sequestosome-1 |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |