AKT	protein kinase B
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
APC	antigen-presenting cell
CAM	chicken embryo vascular membrane
CD	cyclodextrin
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CTLA-4	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
DCT	dopachrome tautomerase
DMAP	dimethylaminopyridine
DMAPP	dimethylallyl diphosphate
DMBA	7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ERK 1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2
GPCRs	G protein-coupled receptors
GTP	guanosine-5′-triphosphate
HO-1	heme-oxygenase 1
HPGCD	2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin
INOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IPP	isopentenyl diphosphate
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
LD50	lethal dose 50
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEB	2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
MEK 1/2	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2
MITF	microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
MPT	mitochondrial permeability transition
MVA	mevalonate
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NG	naringenin
NMSCs	non-melanoma skin cancers
NO	nitric oxide
OA	oleanolic acid
PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
PDK1	phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
PD-L1	programmed cell death ligand
p-ERK	phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIP2	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
p-IκBα	phospho-inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα
p–NF–κB	phospho-nuclear factor-κB
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
PU	polyurethane
ROS	reactive form of oxygen
RTK	receptor tyrosine kinases
SGOT	serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase
tBHP	tert-butyl hydroperoxide
TGFβ	transforming growth factor-beta
TIMP-1 and TIMP-2	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2
TPA	12-tetradedecumiforbol
TYR	tyrosinase
TYRP1	tyrosinase-related protein 1
UA	ursolic acid
UAA	3-O-acetylursolic acid
UV	ultraviolet
VCR	vincristine