| BCAA | branched-chain amino acid |
| BCKD | branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase |
| HMGB1 | high-mobility group box-1 |
| QCM | quadriceps femoris muscle |
| SDS-MYL1 | sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble myosin light chain-1 |
| 4HNE | 4-hydroxynonenal |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| BDK | BCKD kinase |
| AcCoA | acetyl coenzyme A |
| PGC1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α |
| C8 | caprylic acid |
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