| i.p. | intraperitoneal injection |
| GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
| AMPA | aminomethylphosphonic acid |
| RVM | rostroventral medulla |
| N | the number of animals per group |
| PAG | periaqueductal gray |
| Morph | morphine |
| p | probability ratio |
| TPM | topiramate |
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