Table 4.
Bivariate analysis of nutritional status and feeding practices (N=164)
| Characteristic | Height for age | P value | Low weight for age | P value | Low weight for height | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Not Stunted | Stunted | normal weight | under weight | Not wasted | Wasted | ||||
| sex of child | |||||||||
| Male | 45(35.7) | 19(50) | 0.114 | 60(39.2) | 4(36.4) | 0.851 | 64(40.8) | 0 | 0.043* |
| Female | 81(64.3) | 19(50) | 93(60.8) | 7(63.6) | 93(59.2) | 7(100) | |||
| Age in months | |||||||||
| 6-11 | 55(43.7) | 14(36.8) | 0.694 | 66(43.1) | 3(27.3) | 0.309 | 66(42) | 3(42.9) | 0.151 |
| 12-17 | 38(30.2) | 14(36.8) | 49(32) | 3(27.3) | 50(31.8) | 2(28.6) | |||
| 18-23 | 33(26.2) | 10(26.3) | 38(24.8) | 5(45.5) | 41(26.1) | 2(28.6) | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 110(87.3) | 33(86.8) | 0.941 | 134(87.6) | 9(81.8) | 0.481 | 138(87.9) | 5(71.4) | 0.202 |
| Unmarried | 16(12.7) | 5(13.2) | 19(12.4) | 2(18.2) | 19(12.1) | 2(28.6) | |||
| Education level | |||||||||
| No formal | 12(9.5) | 6(15.8) | 0.479 | 16(10.5) | 2(18.2) | 0.351a | 17(10.8) | 1(14.3) | 0.619 |
| Primary | 76(60.3) | 23(60.5) | 92(60.1) | 7(63.6) | 96(61.1) | 3(42.9) | |||
| Secondary and above | 38(30.2) | 9(23.7) | 45(29.4) | 2(18.2) | 44(28) | 3(42.9) | |||
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Housewives | 10(7.9) | 5(13.1) | 0.632 | 11(7.3) | 1(9.1) | 1a | 12(7.8) | 0 | 0.092 |
| Casual labour | 98(77) | 27(71) | 116(77.3) | 9(81.8) | 121(78.6) | 4(57.1) | |||
| Other | 18(14.2) | 6(15.7) | 23(15.3) | 1(9.1) | 21(13.6) | 3(42.9) | |||
| Household size | |||||||||
| ≤ 4 | 72(57.1) | 20(52.6) | 0.623 | 88(57,5) | 4(36.4) | 0.172 | 87(55.4) | 5(71.4) | 0.468a |
| > 4 | 54(42.9) | 18(47.4) | 65(42.5) | 7(63.6) | 70(44.6) | 2(28.6) | |||
| Household head gender | |||||||||
| Male | 101(80.2) | 30(78.9) | 0.87 | 122(79.7) | 9(81.8) | 0.868 | 127(80.9) | 4(57.1) | 0.125 |
| Female | 25(19.2) | 8(21.1) | 31(20.3) | 2(18.2) | 30(19.1) | 3(42.9) | |||
| Food source | |||||||||
| Own production | 16(12.7) | 5(13.2) | 0.941 | 18(11.8) | 3(27.3) | 0.137 | 20(12.7) | 1(14.3) | 0.75 |
| Market and other | 110(87.3) | 33(86.8) | 135(88.2) | 8(72.7) | 137(87.3) | 6(85.7) | |||
| Own vegetable garden | |||||||||
| No | 36(28.6) | 10(26.3) | 0.786 | 43(28.1) | 3(27.3) | 0.953 | 43(27.4) | 3(42.9) | 0.515 |
| Yes | 90(71.4) | 28(73.7) | 110(71.9) | 8(72.7) | 114(72.6) | 4(57.1) | |||
| Ubudehe category | |||||||||
| 1-2 | 99(78.6) | 34(20.7) | 0.132 | 126(82.4) | 7(63.6) | 0.126 | 127(80.9) | 6(85.7) | 0.102 |
| 3-4 | 27(21.4) | 4(2.4) | 27(17.6) | 4(36.4) | 30(19.1) | 1(14.3) | |||
| Breastfeeding initiation | |||||||||
| <1 hour | 119(94.4) | 36(94.7) | 0.945 | 145(94.8) | 10(90.9) | 0.587 | 148(94.3) | 7(100) | 0.569 |
| Others | 7(5.6) | 2(5.3) | 8(5.2) | 1(9.1) | 9(5.7) | 0 | |||
| Initiation of CF | |||||||||
| At 6 months | 92(73) | 28(73.7) | 0.935 | 111(72.5) | 9(81.8) | 0.503 | 113(72) | 7(100) | 0.799 |
| others | 34(27) | 10(26.3) | 42(27.5) | 2(18.2) | 44(28) | 0 | |||
| MDD | |||||||||
| No | 94(74.6) | 32(84.2) | 0.219 | 117(76.5) | 9(81.8) | 0.687 | 120(76.4) | 6(85.6) | 0.569 |
| Yes | 32(25.4) | 6(15.8) | 36(23.5) | 2(18.2) | 37(23.6) | 1(14.3) | |||
| MMF | |||||||||
| No | 60(47.6) | 26(68.4) | 0.024* | 78(51) | 8(72.7) | 0.163 | 82(52.2) | 4(57.1) | 1a |
| Yes | 66(52.4) | 12(31.6) | 75(49) | 3(27.3) | 75(47.8) | 3(42.9) | |||
| MAD | |||||||||
| No | 101(80.2) | 37(97.4) | 0.011* | 127(83) | 11(100) | 0.136 | 131(83.4) | 7(100) | 0.241 |
| Yes | 25(19.8) | 1(2.6) | 26(17) | 0 | 26(16.6) | 0 | |||
| Continued breastfeeding | |||||||||
| No | 9(7.1) | 2(5.3) | 0.685 | 10(90.9) | 1(9.1) | 0.744 | 90.9% | 1(9.1) | 0.413 |
| Yes | 117(92.9) | 36(94.7) | 143(93.5) | 10(6.5) | 147(96.1) | 6(3.9) | |||
a
Fisher's exact test P-value, Abbreviations: CF, Complementary feeding; MAD, Minimum acceptable diet; MDD, Minimum dietary diversity; MMF, Minimum meal frequency.
*
Significant at P < 0.05