CHO	Chinese Hamster Ovary (cells)
CRISPR/Cas9	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9
DHFR	Dihydrofolate Reductase (selection marker gene)
GS	Glutamine Synthetase (selection marker gene)
Bak1	BCL2 Antagonist/Killer 1 (pro-apoptotic gene)
Bax	BCL2-Associated X Protein (pro-apoptotic gene)
Bcl-2	B-cell Lymphoma 2 (anti-apoptotic gene)
Beclin-1	Autophagy-related protein (enhances macroautophagy)
NGS	Next-Generation Sequencing (high-throughput DNA sequencing)
gRNA	Guide RNA (used in CRISPR/Cas9 for targeting specific DNA sequences)
MTX	Methotrexate (DHFR inhibitor used for gene amplification)
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (protein detection method)
RT-PCR	Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (gene expression analysis)
qPCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (quantitative gene expression analysis)
Fc	Fragment crystallizable (region of an antibody)
IgG	Immunoglobulin G (antibody type)
mAb	Monoclonal Antibody
EEF1A1	Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 1 (promoter for gene expression)
PAM	Protospacer Adjacent Motif (CRISPR/Cas9 target sequence requirement)
ORF	Open Reading Frame (coding sequence of a gene)
SNP	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (genetic variation)
Indel	Insertion/Deletion (genetic mutation)
CDS	Coding DNA Sequence (region of DNA that codes for a protein)
LC3	Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (autophagy marker)
Apaf-1	Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor 1 (apoptosis-related protein)
XIAP	X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (apoptosis inhibitor)
ULK1	Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 (autophagy-related kinase)
ATG	Autophagy-related Gene (genes involved in autophagy)
VPS34	Vacuolar Protein Sorting 34 (autophagy-related kinase)
AMPK	AMP-activated Protein Kinase (energy-sensing enzyme)
mTOR	Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (regulates cell growth and autophagy)
FIP200	Focal Adhesion Kinase Family Interacting Protein of 200 kD (autophagy-related protein)
Ambra1	Autophagy and Beclin-1 Regulator 1 (autophagy-related protein)
PE	Phosphatidylethanolamine (lipid involved in autophagy)
PAR	Poly(ADP-ribose) (marker of parthanatos, a form of cell death)
FSP1	Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (marker of ferroptosis, a form of cell death)
MDA	Malondialdehyde (marker of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis)
GPX4	Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (enzyme that prevents ferroptosis)
ER	Endoplasmic Reticulum