GBM	glioblastoma multiforme
WHO	World Health Organization
CNS	central nervous system
IDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase
RTK	receptor protein with a tyrosine kinase function
RAS	rat sarcoma
RAF	rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
MEK	mitogen-activated kinase
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
EGF	epidermal growth factor
TGF-α	transforming growth factor α
HIF1	hypoxia-inducible factor 1
GDP	guanosine diphosphate
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
PIP2	phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
PKB	protein kinase B
BAD	Bcl-2-associated death promoter
mTOR	serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC	mTOR complex
ATG	autophagy-related genes
PI3KC3	the third class PI3K complex
PIK3CA	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α
PIK3R1	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1
HK2	hexokinase 2
IL-6	interleukin 6
JAK/STAT3	Janus kinase/signal transducer activator of transcription protein
PTCH	patched
SMO	smoothened
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADH	reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
D-2HG	D-2-hydroxyglutarate
TET	ten–eleven translocation
GLUT1	glucose transporter 1
PDK1	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
OS	overall survival
PFS	progression-free survival
O6-BG	O6-benzylguanine
miR-198	microRNA 198
PARP	poly-ADP-ribose polymerases
SL	synthetic lethality
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
IGF	insulin-like growth factor-1