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. 2025 May 13;26(10):4646. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104646
TC Thyroid cancer
PTC Papillary thyroid cancer
DIO Deiodinase
NIS Sodium–iodide symporter
Tg Thyroglobulin
TPO Thyroid peroxidase
DUOX Dual oxidase
TRH Thyroid-releasing hormone
TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSHR Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
RAI Radioactive iodine ablation
HRT Hormone replacement therapy
DTC Differentiated thyroid cancer
FTC Follicular thyroid cancer
ATC Anaplastic thyroid cancer
AR Androgen receptor
ER Estrogen receptor
PD-L1 Programmed Death Receptor Ligand 1
LNM Lymph node metastasis
FNAB Fine needle aspiration biopsy
ENE Extranodal extension
ETE Extrathyroidal extension
ERBT External beam radiation
RR-PTC Radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid cancer
TKI Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer
TNM Tumor-Node-Metastasis
ATA American Thyroid Association
MACIS Metastasis-Age-Complete resection-Invasion-Size
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
PI3K/Akt Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase C
BRAF B- rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
RL Rat sarcoma virus-like
TDS Thyroid differentiation score