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. 2025 May 16;26(10):4796. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104796
NCDs Non-communicable diseases
CVDs Cardiovascular diseases
PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and 10 μm or less (PM10)
NOx Nitrogen oxides
Sox Sulphur oxides
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DBPs Disinfection by-products
THMs Trihalomethanes
HAAs Haloacetic acids
miRNA Micro ribonucleic acid
T2D Type 2 diabetes mellitus
WHO World Health Organization
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
NF-κB24 Nuclear factor kappa B
AMPs Antimicrobial peptides
LNs Lymph nodes
EDCs Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
BPA Bisphenol and phthalates A
BZ Blue Zone
ROS Reactive oxygen species
XME Xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes
PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
AD Alzheimer’s disease