| ANCOVA | Analysis of covariance |
| ART | Assisted reproductive technology |
| DHA | Docosahexaenoic acid |
| EFSA | European Food Safety Authority |
| GRADE | Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| LAC | L-acetyl-carnitine |
| LC | L-carnitine |
| MD | Mean difference |
| OS | Oxidative stress |
| PICOTS | Population–intervention–comparison–outcome–ime–study design |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses |
| Pseudo-IDP | Pseudo individual participant data |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RoB2 | Revised Cochrane risk of bias |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RR | Risk ratio |
| SE | Standard errors |
| UL | Tolerable upper intake level |
| 95%CI | 95% confidence interval |