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. 2025 Apr 24;13(5):981. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13050981
NSYs non-Saccharomyces yeasts
CFU colony forming unit
DT, TTD detection time, time to detection
ATP adenosine triphosphate
RLU relative light units
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
rRNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid
ITS internal transcribed spacer
RT-PCR reverse transcriptase PCR
PCR polymerase chain reaction
SIP surface-imprinted polymer
VBNC viable but non-culturable
FT-IR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
GC gas chromatography
MALDI-TOF MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry
HCCA α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
m/z mass-to-charge ratio
rDNA ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid
SSU small subunit
LSU large subunit
RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
NGS next-generation sequencing
OTUs operational taxonomic units
ASVs amplicon sequence variants
rep-PCR repetitive sequence-based PCR
RAPD-PCR randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR
BLAST basic local alignment search tool
qPCR quantitative real-time PCR
mtDNA mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid
DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
RS Raman spectroscopy
SERS surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
SCRS single-cell Raman spectroscopy
DL deep learning
ANNs artificial neural networks
DNNs deep neural networks
CNNs convolutional neural networks