| BMI | Body mass index |
| FBG | Fasting blood glucose |
| CMD | Cardiometabolic disease |
| SCN | Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| TRE | Time-restricted eating |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
| PROSPERO | International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews |
| PICO | Population, intervention, control, outcome |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| RoB-1 | Risk of bias-1 |
| GRADE | Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| SE | Standard error |
| WMD | Weighted mean difference |
| SMD | Standardized mean difference |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| ITT | Intention-to-treat |