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. 2025 May 14;14(10):1461. doi: 10.3390/plants14101461
Si NPs Silicon nanoparticles
CNCs Cellulose nanocrystals
TEM Transmission electron microscope
FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer
MDA Malondialdehyde
CAT Catalase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
POD Peroxidase
APX Ascorbate peroxidase
GR Glutathione reductase
N Nitrogen
P Phosphorus
K Potassium
Si Silicon
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DHAR Dehydroascorbate reductase
DDW Double distilled water
FAA Formalin-acetic acid-alcohol
TBA Thiobarbituric acid
qRT-PCR Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
XRD X-ray diffraction