ADM	allyl-α-D-mannopyranoside
ALC-0315	ionizable lipid used in Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine
AMA-1	Apical Membrane Antigen-1
APC	antigen-presenting cell
BCG	Bacille Calmette-Guérin
BG	bacterial ghost
BMV	bacterial membrane vesicle
cGAMP	cyclic GMP-AMP (STING agonist)
CLR	C-type Lectin Receptor
COE	neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
CPP	cell-penetrating peptide
CTL	cytotoxic T lymphocyte
DC	dendritic cell
DC-SIGN	Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3
Dex	Dendritic Cell-derived Exosomes
DOPE	1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
DOTAP	1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane
DOTMA	N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride
EP	electroporation
FMDV	foot-and-mouth disease virus
GAS	Group A streptococcus
GP	glucan particle
GPI	glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol
GRAS	generally recognized as safe
HA	hemagglutinin
HLA	Human Leukocyte Antigen
ID	intradermal
IM	intramuscular
LNP	lipid nanoparticle
LSCExo	lung cell-derived exosome
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
MR	mannose receptor
mRNA	Messenger RNA
MeNPs	metallic nanoparticles
MOFs	metal–organic frameworks
MUC1	Mucin 1
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PBAE	poly(β-amino ester)
PEDV	porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
PEG	polyethylene glycol
PEI	polyethylenimine
PLGA	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PLPs	phage-like particles
PNP	polymeric nanoparticle
PRR	pattern recognition receptor
RABV	rabies virus
RBD	receptor-binding domain
RGD	arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (integrin-binding peptide)
SC	subcutaneous
siRNA	Small Interfering RNA
SM-102	ionizable lipid used in Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine
STING	Stimulator of Interferon Genes
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNBC	triple-negative breast cancer
WYV	whole yeast vaccine
YSD	yeast surface display
YS	yeast shell