| saRNA | self-amplifying mRNA |
| SINV | Sindbis Virus |
| SFV | Semliki Forest Virus |
| VEEV | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus |
| nsP | nonstructural proteins |
| IVT | in vitro transcription |
| dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
| IFN-I | type I interferons |
| LNPs | lipid nanoparticles |
| RBD | receptor-binding domain |
| PNK | polynucleotide kinase |
| EGFP | enhanced green fluorescent protein |
| NT50 | 50% neutralization titer |
| RLUs | relative light units |
| MFI | mean fluorescence intensity |
| tPA | tissue plasminogen activator |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
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