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. 2025 May 14;13:1579618. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579618

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study participants.

Variables Overall (n = 834) CVD p value
Yes (n = 271) No (n = 563)
Age (years) 63.3 (15.7) 71.1 (9.6) 60.4 (16.5) <0.001
Gender 0.023
 Female 404 (54%) 105 (46%) 299 (57%)
 Male 430 (46%) 166 (54%) 264 (43%)
Race/ethnicity 0.035
 Mexican American 120 (7.6%) 30 (4.5%) 90 (8.8%)
 Other Hispanic 61 (3.9%) 16 (2.6%) 45 (4.4%)
 Non-Hispanic White 404 (69.2%) 154 (76.2%) 250 (66.6%)
 Non-Hispanic Black 185 (12.4%) 59 (12.0%) 126 (12.5%)
 Other races 64 (6.9%) 12 (4.7%) 52 (7.7%)
Family PIR 2.82 (1.65) 2.54 (1.57) 2.93 (1.66) 0.032
BMI (kg/m2) 30.95 (7.68) 31.93 (7.35) 30.59 (7.78) 0.080
Smoking <0.001
 Yes 418 (47%) 165 (60%) 253 (42%)
 No 416 (53%) 106 (40%) 310 (58%)
Hypertension <0.001
 Yes 563 (67%) 218 (83%) 345 (61%)
 No 271 (33%) 53 (17%) 218 (39%)
Diabetes <0.001
 Yes 486 (51%) 189 (68%) 297 (44%)
 No 348(49%) 82 (32%) 266 (56%)
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) 70.00 (29.08) 54.87 (21.20) 75.67 (29.62) <0.001
TC (mg/dL) 183.97 (42.63) 169.75 (43.16) 189.31 (41.22) <0.001

Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD). Categorical variables are presented as unweighted frequency counts (weighted percentages). PIR, poverty income ratio; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration; TC, total cholesterol.