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. 2025 May 14;13:1579618. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579618

Table 3.

The association between urinary phthalate metabolites and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among CKD patients with different renal functions.

Phthalates >90 mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 221) 60–90 mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 156) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 457) P for interaction
MEP 0.99 (0.62, 1.59) 0.93 (0.72, 1.20) 1.08 (0.89, 1.32) 0.850
MEHHP 0.91 (0.41, 2.05) 1.68 (0.88, 3.20) 1.13 (0.88, 1.46) 0.852
MiBP 1.03 (0.34, 3.15) 1.96 (1.15, 3.35) 1.20 (0.89, 1.62) 0.907
MEOHP 0.93 (0.39, 2.21) 2.50 (1.29, 4.84) 1.11 (0.86, 1.45) 0.477
MBzP 1.19 (0.65, 2.16) 1.16 (0.72, 1.88) 1.12 (0.86, 1.46) 0.577
MCNP 1.85 (0.98, 3.51) 1.23 (0.77, 1.96) 1.19 (0.89, 1.58) 0.186
MCOP 1.46 (0.80, 2.65) 1.63 (1.00, 2.67) 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) 0.076
MECPP 1.44 (0.63, 3.31) 3.31 (1.62, 6.79) 1.12 (0.85, 1.46) 0.029
MBP 0.71 (0.27, 1.85) 0.99 (0.43, 2.26) 1.59 (1.12, 2.25) 0.036
MCPP 1.00 (0.60, 1.66) 1.29 (0.73, 2.28) 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) 0.995

The models were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, PIR, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and eGFR.