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. 2025 May 14;13:1579618. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579618

Table 4.

Association between WQS regression index and cardiovascular disease (N = 834), NHANES, 2005–2018.

Outcomes OR 95% CI p value
CVD
A positive model 1.44 (1.04, 1.99) 0.028
A negative model 1.30 (0.95, 1.77) 0.102

OR estimates reflect the odds ratios of CVD with a one-quartile increase in the WQS index. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, PIR, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and eGFR.