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. 2025 May 28;15:18593. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03635-y

Table 7.

Carbon emissions and energy consumption during the transportation phase of surface layer materials.

Material Material quantity (t) Transportation vehicle Transportation distance (km) CO2 emission factor (kg/t·km) Energy consumption factor (MJ/t·km) Total energy consumption (MJ) Total CO2 emission (kg)
SBS Modified Asphalt 113 Dump Truck 40 0.159 4.23 19,042 716
Surface Layer Aggregate 2355 Lorry 20 0.122 3.25 153,072 5746
Surface Layer Asphalt Mixture 2468 Dump Truck 10 0.159 4.23 104,375 3923
Total \ \ \ \ \ 276,489 10,385