Table 3.
Bivariate & multivariable regression analysis of factors associated with overweight/obesity
| Urban [95% of CI] | Rural [95% of CI] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explanatory variables | COR | AOR | COR | AOR |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 20–24 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 25–29 | 2.19 [1.19–4.03]* | 1.55 [0.84–2.89] | 2.91[1.38–6.13]** | 2.13 [1.07–4.25]* |
| 30–34 | 4.07 [2.32–7.13]*** | 2.56 [1.37–4.79]** | 2.66[1.41–5.04]** | 1.32 [0.67–2.63] |
| 35–39 | 5.23 [3.1–8.83]*** | 2.86 [1.54–5.3]** | 4.5[2.33–8.69]*** | 2.13 [1.04–4.39]* |
| 40–44 | 5.05 [3.16–8.07]*** | 2.80 [1.56–5.03]** | 4.01[1.92–8.4]*** | 1.99 [0.89–4.47] |
| 45–49 | 7.86 [4.35–14.18]*** | 4.47 [2.20–9.07]*** | 5.9[3.15–11.07]*** | 3.09 [1.58–6.05]** |
| Educational level | ||||
| No formal education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary | 0.64 [0.31–1.29] | 0.56 [0.25–1.21] | 1.40[0.85–2.31] | 1.04 [0.61–1.78] |
| Secondary | 1.05 [0.62–1.78] | 0.64 [0.38–1.09] | 1.71[1.09–2.68]* | 1.05 [0.64–1.74] |
| Tertiary | 1.50 [0.84–2.67] | 0.74 [0.41–1.34] | 3.11[1.86–5.2]*** | 1.25 [0.7–2.24] |
| Occupation | ||||
| No occupation | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
|
Professional/technical/ Managerial |
3.64 [1.93–6.87]*** | 0.97[0.31–3.01] | 1.93[0.84–4.42] | 0.59 [0.12–2.97] |
| Agriculture | 1.54 [0.58–4.05] | 0.80 [0.2–3.20] | 0.43[0.15–1.18] | 0.18 [0.03–1.03] |
| Manual/other | 3.56 [1.94–6.56]*** | 1.08 [0.35–3.36] | 2.12[0.85–5.28] | 0.62 [0.12–3.19] |
| Currently working | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 3.31 [2-5.45]*** | 1.66 [0.64–4.34] | 1.75[0.86–3.58] | 1.37 [0.35–5.39] |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never in union | Ref | Ref. | Ref | Ref. |
| Currently in union | 2.87 [2.07–3.98]*** | 1.51 [0.99–2.31] | 3.32[2.22–4.96]*** | 3.15 [1.81–5.47]*** |
| Cohabiting | 1.55 [0.97–2.47] | 1.15 [0.7–1.90] | 2.14[1.13–4.06]* | 1.76 [0.93–3.3] |
| Previously in union | 1.62 [0.88–2.97] | 1.08 [0.57–2.02] | 3.67[1.88–7.18]*** | 3.72 [1.70–8.13]* |
| Region | ||||
| Coastal | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Forest | 0.59 [0.43–0.81]** | 0.79 [0.56–1.11] | 0.86[0.61–1.22] | 1.27 [0.86–1.87] |
| Savannah | 0.52 [0.38–0.7]*** | 0.93 [0.63–1.36] | 0.52[0.35–0.78]** | 1.28 [0.77–2.12] |
| Number of household members | ||||
| < 5 | Ref. | Ref | Ref. | |
| > 5 | 0.86 [0.65–1.15] | 1.0 [-] | 0.77[0.58–1.03] | 0.96 [0.68–1.34] |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref. | Ref | Ref. |
| Poorer | 2.50 [0.74–8.47] | 2.88 [0.79–10.48] | 2.17[1.37–3.43]** | 1.89 [1.2–2.98]** |
| Middle | 2.68 [0.87–8.32] | 3.53 [1.07–11.61]* | 2.74[1.67–4.48]*** | 2.41 [1.39–4.18]** |
| Richer | 8.81 [2.98–26.02]*** | 10.40 [3.27–33.04]*** | 3.78[2.24–6.39]*** | 3.75 [2.03–6.92]*** |
| Richest | 14.93 [5.06–44.03]*** | 17.37 [5.41–55.83]*** | 5.75[3.47–9.54]*** | 5.35 [2.76–10.34]*** |
| Currently smokes tobacco | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.96 [0.47–1.95] | 1.0 [-] | 0.31[0.13–0.74]** | 0.33 [0.13–0.86]* |
| Alcohol use (in the past month) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.6 [1.22–2.09]** | 1.49 [1.09–2.04]* | 1.29[0.94–1.78] | 1.23 [0.88–1.72] |
| Media exposure | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.38 [0.95–2.01] | 1 [-] | 1.88[1.3–2.72]** | 1.26 [0.82–1.93] |
95% confidence intervals in brackets; p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001 ***; COR (Crude Odds Ratio), AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio), CI Confidence Interval; 1[1.00,1.00] = Ref (Reference category)