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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Environ Manage. 2024 May 4;359:120991. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120991

Table 8.

Distribution of (A) costs of mitigation measures ($/ha), (B) sediment yield (t/ha/yr), (C) inverse sediment yield (ha/t/yr), (D) marginal costs of achieving NBLWC ($/m), and (E) marginal costs of improving region-average water clarity ($million/m) in REC2 watersheds where erosion mitigation measures are implemented during 2021–2100 according to scenario PS2.

Mitigation measure Mean STD CV P05 Q1 Median Q3 P95
(A) Costs of mitigation measures ($/ha)
Afforestation 7,180 4,155 0.58 6218 6218 6366 6596 7534
Gully tree planting 1,650 0 0.00 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650
Bush retirement 6289 3,723 0.59 5468 5468 5635 5851 6320
Riparian retirement 11,397 11,369 1.00 7718 7718 7944 8162 36,300
Space-planted trees 875 0 0.00 875 875 875 875 875
(B) Sediment yield (t/ha/yr)
Afforestation 748 532 0.71 106 407 669 968 1604
Gully tree planting 1,728 986 0.57 160 891 1727 2640 3167
Bush retirement 780 544 0.70 125 436 703 1003 1694
Riparian retirement 146 399 2.74 1 10 53 176 527
Space-planted trees 706 539 0.76 95 373 606 894 1656
(C) Inverse sediment yield (ha/t/yr)
Afforestation 0.0040 0.0167 4.22 0.0006 0.0010 0.0015 0.0025 0.0095
Gully tree planting 0.0019 0.0069 3.63 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0011 0.0063
Bush retirement 0.0035 0.0150 4.26 0.0006 0.0010 0.0014 0.0023 0.0080
Riparian retirement 0.2301 0.8220 3.57 0.0019 0.0057 0.0190 0.1047 0.8333
Space-planted trees 0.0042 0.0166 3.99 0.0006 0.0011 0.0017 0.0027 0.0106
(D) Marginal costs of achieving NBLWC ($/m)
Afforestation 2178 18,162 8.34 246 453 660 1162 5431
Gully tree planting 102 418 4.11 10 14 23 50 386
Bush retirement 1708 15,091 8.84 203 391 569 954 4,015
Riparian retirement 142,738 827,365 5.80 583 2,110 4,967 43,191 505,228
Space-planted trees 157 733 4.67 19 39 59 104 373
(E) Marginal costs of improving region-average water clarity ($million/m)
Afforestation 10,704 66,220 6.19 1,364 2,173 3159 5,411 28,066
Gully tree planting 432 1,573 3.64 69 85 132 249 1,427
Bush retirement 8,376 55,026 6.57 1,144 1,855 2650 4429 20,455
Riparian retirement 878,262 5,220,360 5.94 3,193 8,983 30,688 219,723 2,579,772
Space-planted trees 761 2,986 3.92 111 204 305 498 1,959

Notes: CV is the coefficient of variation, P05 and P95 are the 5th and 95th percentiles, and Q1 and Q3 are the 1st and 3rd quartiles.