TABLE I.
Demographic and Hospitalization Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Femoral Fracture
| Characteristic | Overall* (N = 216) | Early* (<18 Hours) (N = 154) | Delayed* (≥18 Hours) (N = 62) | P Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.614 | |||
| Female | 61 (28%) | 45 (29%) | 16 (26%) | |
| Male | 155 (72%) | 109 (71%) | 46 (74%) | |
| Age at surgery (yr) | 6 (2, 11) | 4 (2, 11) | 9 (3, 12) | 0.015 |
| Race (n = 187) | 0.037 | |||
| White | 109 (58%) | 85 (63%) | 24 (45%) | |
| Racial or ethnic minority | 59 (32%) | 35 (26%) | 24 (45%) | |
| Asian or South Asian | 7 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Black or African American | 15 (8%) | 8 (6%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Hispanic or Spanish origin | 37 (20%) | 24 (18%) | 13 (24%) | |
| Multiracial | 19 (10%) | 14 (10%) | 5 (9%) | |
| Primary language (n = 214) | 0.658 | |||
| English | 195 (91%) | 141 (92%) | 54 (89%) | |
| Spanish | 10 (5%) | 6 (4%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Other | 9 (4%) | 6 (4%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Need for an interpreter (n = 215) | 12 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 5 (8%) | 0.334 |
| COI (n = 213) | 81 (46, 92) | 81 (47, 93) | 82 (43, 92) | 0.500 |
| COI category (n = 213) | 0.122 | |||
| Very low | 17 (8%) | 8 (5%) | 9 (15%) | |
| Low | 24 (11%) | 19 (12%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Moderate | 21 (10%) | 15 (10%) | 6 (10%) | |
| High | 34 (16%) | 28 (18%) | 6 (10%) | |
| Very high | 117 (55%) | 83 (54%) | 34 (57%) | |
| Insurance | 0.581 | |||
| Public | 87 (40%) | 62 (40%) | 25 (40%) | |
| Private | 108 (50%) | 79 (51%) | 29 (47%) | |
| Other | 21 (10%) | 13 (8%) | 8 (13%) | |
| ED admission time | <0.001 | |||
| 6 a.m. to noon | 15 (7%) | 7 (5%) | 8 (13%) | |
| Noon to 6 p.m. | 70 (32%) | 31 (20%) | 39 (63%) | |
| 6 p.m. to midnight | 98 (45%) | 87 (56%) | 11 (18%) | |
| Midnight to 6 a.m. | 33 (15%) | 29 (19%) | 4 (6%) | |
| Ambulance transfer (n = 215) | 68 (32%) | 36 (24%) | 32 (52%) | <0.001 |
| Outside hospital transfer (n = 215) | 92 (43%) | 77 (50%) | 15 (24%) | <0.001 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.992 | |||
| Pedestrian or bike struck by a motor vehicle | 10 (5%) | 6 (4%) | 4 (6%) | |
| Motor vehicle accident | 9 (4%) | 6 (4%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Sports-related injury | 23 (11%) | 16 (10%) | 7 (11%) | |
| Fall from ground level | 102 (47%) | 74 (48%) | 28 (45%) | |
| Fall from height | 14 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 4 (6%) | |
| Jumping on surface, trampoline, or bounce house | 9 (4%) | 7 (5%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Other | 38 (18%) | 27 (18%) | 11 (18%) | |
| Unknown or unclear mechanism | 11 (5%) | 8 (5%) | 3 (5%) | |
| ISS | 9 (9, 9) | 9 (9, 9) | 9 (9, 9) | 0.979 |
| ISS category | 0.174 | |||
| Minor | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Moderate | 211 (98%) | 152 (99%) | 59 (95%) | |
| Severe | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Very severe | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Polytrauma | 25 (12%) | 15 (10%) | 10 (16%) | 0.184 |
| Comorbidities | 55 (25%) | 29 (19%) | 26 (42%) | <0.001 |
| Type of comorbidity (n = 55) | ||||
| Neurodevelopmental disorder | 10 (18%) | 5 (17%) | 5 (19%) | >0.999 |
| Skeletal dysplasia | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (8%) | 0.598 |
| Cardiac disease | 8 (15%) | 2 (7%) | 6 (23%) | 0.131 |
| Neuromuscular disease | 26 (47%) | 15 (52%) | 11 (42%) | 0.485 |
| Other major disease | 31 (56%) | 17 (59%) | 14 (54%) | 0.721 |
| Procedure type | 0.002 | |||
| ORIF | 111 (51%) | 72 (45%) | 42 (68%) | |
| CR with spica cast | 105 (49%) | 85 (55%) | 20 (32%) |
*
The values are given either as the number of patients, with the percentage in parentheses, or as the median, with the IQR in parentheses.
†
P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fisher exact test, or Pearson chi-square test.