Table 3.

Analysis of the Pregnancy Supplements and Hormones Group

Characteristics	Bivariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Adherence N (%)	Non-Adherence N (%)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age
18–29	68 (36.8)	46 (24.9)	0.813a	Not included
30–39	37 (20)	24 (13)
≥40	7 (3.8)	3 (1.6)
Working Status
Housewife	61 (33)	49 (26.5)	0.087a	Reference
Employed	51 (27.6)	24 (13)		0.71 (0.36–1.38)	0.316
Last Education Level
Elementary School	4 (2.2)	3 (1.6)	0.980b	Not included
Junior High School	8 (4.3)	7 (3.8)
Senior High School	43 (23.2)	31 (16.8)
University	57 (31)	32 (17.4)
Trimester of Pregnancy
First Trimester	11 (5.9)	6 (3.2)	0.930a	Not included
Second Trimester	11 (5.9)	7 (3.8)
Third Trimester	90 (48.6)	60 (32.4)
First Pregnancy
Yes	48 (25.9)	19 (10.3)	0.020a	Reference
No	64 (34.6)	54 (29.2)		1.71 (0.85–3.44)	0.134
Comorbid
No	92 (49.7)	54 (29.2)	0.183a	Reference
Yes	20 (10.8)	19 (10.3)		0.92 (0.43–2.13)	0.915
Amount of Medicine Used
1–2	74 (40)	50 (27)	1.000b	Not included
3–5	37 (20)	22 (11.9)
>5	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)
BMQ-Overuse Median (IQR)	11 (9–12)	12 (10–13)	0.046c,*	1.03 (0.88–1.22)	0.660
BMQ-Harm Median (IQR)	10 (8–12)	12 (10–13)	<0.001c,*	1.20 (1.02–1.40)	0.026*
BMQ-Side effect, Median (IQR)	2 (2–2)	2 (2–2)	0.942c	Not included
Medication Beliefs
Positive	64 (34.6)	27 (14.6)	0.002a,*	Reference
Negative	19 (10.3)	29 (15.7)		2.42 (1.09–5.33)	0.029*
Neutral	29 (15.7)	17 (9.2)		1.10 (0.50–2.43)	0.808

Notes: ^aChi-square test; ^bKolmogorov–Smirnov test; ^cmann–Whitney test; *significant at p value<0.05. Multivariate analysis was validated by Hosmer-Lemeshow with p-value of 0.270 and R² value of 17%.

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.