Table 4.

Analysis of the Chronic Condition Medicines Group

Characteristics	Bivariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Adherence N (%)	Non-Adherence N (%)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age
18–29	14 (21.5)	17 (26.2)	0.761b	Not included
30–39	19 (29.2)	13 (20)
≥40	2 (3.1)	0
Working Status
Housewife	21 (32.3)	23 (35.4)	0.152a	Reference
Employed	14 (21.5)	7 (10.8)		0.57 (0.15–2.09)	0.392
Last Education Level
Elementary School	1 (1.5)	1 (1.5)	1.000b	Not included
Junior High School	1 (1.5)	1 (1.5)
Senior High School	15 (23.1)	14 (21.5)
University	18 (27.7)	14 (21.5)
Trimester of Pregnancy
First Trimester	4 (6.2)	0	0.507b	Not included
Second Trimester	9 (13.8)	5 (7.7)
Third Trimester	22 (33.8)	25 (38.5)
First Pregnancy
Yes	6 (9.2)	8 (12.3)	0.352a	Not included
No	29 (44.6)	22 (33.8)
Comorbid
No	17 (26.2)	10 (15.4)	0.214a	Reference
Yes	18 (27.7)	20 (30.8)		1.54 (0.49–4.98)	0.468
Amount of Medicine Used
1–2	12 (18.5)	13 (20)	0.999b	Not included
3–5	22 (33.8)	16 (24.6)
>5	1 (1.5)	1 (1.5)
BMQ-Overuse Median (IQR)	10 (9–11)	12 (10–13)	0.034c	1.14 (0.83–1.58)	0.412
BMQ-Harm Median (IQR)	10 (8–13)	11 (10.5–12)	0.080c	1.03 (0.76–1.40)	0.841
BMQ-Side effect, Median (IQR)	2 (2–2)	2 (2–3)	0.230c	1.23 (0.56–2.70)	0.611
Medication Beliefs
Positive	20 (30.8)	5 (7.7)	0.010b	Reference
Negative	12 (18.5)	21 (32.3)		5.16 (1.44–18.41)	0.011*
Neutral	3 (4.6)	4 (6.2)		3.32 (0.40–27.65)	0.267

Notes: ^aChi-square test; ^bKolmogorov–Smirnov test; ^cmann–Whitney test; *significant at p value<0.05. Multivariate analysis was validated by Hosmer-Lemeshow with p-value of 0.964 and R² value of 27%.

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.