Skip to main content
. 2025 May 25;19:1523–1537. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S514046

Table 5.

Analysis of the Symptomatic Medicines Group

Characteristics Bivariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis
Adherent
N (%)
Non-Adherent
N (%)
p-value OR (95% CI) p-value
Age
 18–29 10 (38.5) 11 (42.3) 1.000b Not included
 30–39 2 (7.7) 3 (11.5, 1)
 ≥40 0 0
Working Status
 Housewife 5 (19.2) 8 (30.8) 0.431a Not included
 Employed 7 (26.9) 6 (23.1)
Last Education Level
 Elementary School 0 1 (3.8) 1.000c Not included
 Junior High School 1 (3.8) 2 (9.1)
 Senior High School 6 (23.1) 4 (15.4)
 University 5 (19.2) 7 (26.9)
Trimester of Pregnancy
 First Trimester 3 (11.5) 2 (7.7) 1.000c Not included
 Second Trimester 1 (3.8) 2 (7.7)
 Third Trimester 8 (30.8) 10 (38.5)
First Pregnancy
 Yes 9 (34.6) 4 (15.4) 0.047a Reference
 No 3 (11.5) 10 (38.5) 23.92 (1.08–530.55) 0.045*
Comorbid
 No 9 (34.6) 11 (42.3) 1.000b Not included
 Yes 3 (11.5) 3 (11.5)
Amount of Medicine Used
 1–2 10 (38.5) 6 (23.1) 0.051b Reference
 3–5 2 (7.7) 8 (30.8) 29.55 (1.06–825.08) 0.046*
 >5 0 0
BMQ-Overuse Median (IQR) 9.5 (8–12) 12 (10.25–13.75) 0.020d 1.63 (0.63–4.23) 0.319
BMQ-Harm Median (IQR) 10 (8–10.5) 12 (9.25–13.75) 0.078d 1.18 (0.51–2.71) 0.697
BMQ-Side effect, Median (IQR) 2 (2–2) 2 (2–2) 0.806d Not included
Medication Beliefs
 Positive 8 (30.8) 7 (26.9) 0.994c Not included
 Negative 3 (11.5) 7 (26.9)
 Neutral 1 (3.8) 0

Notes: aChi-square test; bExact Fisher test; cKolmogorov–Smirnov test; dmann–Whitney test; *significant at p value<0.05. Multivariate analysis was validated by Hosmer-Lemeshow with p-value of 0.950 and R2 value of 62.8%.

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.