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. 2025 May 13;16:1453153. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1453153

TABLE 3.

Punching performance.

Variable Group T0 T1 T2
Peak punching speed (m/s) EG 8.20 ± 0.66 8.23 ± 0.62 8.29 ± 0.53
CG 8.30 ± 0.64 8.29 ± 0.35 8.29 ± 0.32
4 F group/time/interaction 0.098/0.262/0.404
9 P group/time/interaction 0.757/0.770/0.669
2 Partialη2 group/time/interaction 0.003/0.008/0.012
Total number of 6s all-out punches (times) EG 11.33 ± 0.91 11.50 ± 0.86 12.28 ± 0.75#
CG 11.61 ± 1.14 11.78 ± 1.00 11.78 ± 0.94
7 F group/time/interaction 0.011/9.730/6.007
8 P group/time/interaction 0.916/0.001/0.008
0 Partialη 2 group/time/interaction <0.001/0.223/0.150
Peak punching speed post 6s all-out punches (m/s) EG 6.70 ± 0.56 7.22 ± 0.72*# 7.50 ± 0.42*#
CG 6.56 ± 0.40 6.80 ± 0.34# 7.00 ± 0.36#
68 F group/time/interaction 6.601/35.251/3.168
82 P group/time/interaction 0.015/<0.001/0.082
85 Partialη 2 group/time/interaction 0.163/0.509/0.085

Note: at pre-intervention (T0), mid-intervention (T1), and post-intervention (T2). Compared to the CG, group, *P < 0.05. Within the group, compared to T0, #P < 0.05; compared to T1, ∆P < 0.05.