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. 2025 May 30;25:267. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03829-6

Table 2.

Functional outcomes of groups

UL-Functional Outcomes Lymphedema Group (n = 36)
Mean ± SD
Median (min-max)
Healthy Group
(n = 30)
Mean ± SD
Median (min-max)
p-value
ULIFT (sec) 117.34 ± 15.28 103.73 ± 11.78 < 0.001 a **
Δ Heart rate (bpm) 11.50 (2.00–50.00) 14.00 (4.00–28.00) 0.628b
Δ BP systolic (mmHg) 13.50 (7.00–39.00) 12.50 (7.00–29.00) 0.811b
Δ BP diastolic (mmHg) 4.00 (1.00–13.00) 4.00 (1.00–11.00) 0.654b
Δ SpO2 (%) 0.00 (0.00–2.00) 0.00 (0.00–1.00) 0.791b
Range of Motion
Shoulder flexion 165.41 ± 11.36
Shoulder abduction 154.58 ± 18.56
Elbow flexion 136.25 ± 9.58
Wrist flexion 54.86 ± 12.86
Wrist extension 55.97 ± 15.29
DASH
Disability/symptom score 26.45 ± 14.08
Work module score 32.46 ± 19.75
Hand grip strength (kg) 20.97 ± 5.91
ULL-27
Physical score 40.16 ± 11.01
Psychological score 16.97 ± 6.49
Social score 8.41 ± 2.98
Global score 65.55 ± 14.89
SF-36
Physical functioning 75.00 (0.00–95.00)
Role limitations–physical 12.50 (0.00-100.00)
Role limitations–emotional 75.00 (0.00-100)
Energy/vitality 57.50 (20.00–90.00)
Mental health 66.00 (16.00–92.00)
Social functioning 87.50 (25.00-100.00)
Bodily pain 77.50 (22.50–100)
General health 65.00 (15.00–95.00)

SD: standard deviation, min: minimum, Max: maximum, N: number, ULIFT: upper limb functional test, Sec: second, %: percentage, Δ: change (final-initial values), BP: blood pressure, Bpm: beats per minute, MmHg: millimeters of Mercury, kg: kilogram, DASH: disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand, ULL-27: upper limb lymphedama 27 questionnaire, SF-36: medical outcomes study Short-Form 36 a: student’s t-test, B: Mann-Whitney U test, *: p < 0.05, **p < 0.001