Table 3.

Characteristics of the use of laboratory skills as an educational tool including learning objectives, phase of completion and metrics assessment

	Laboratory (wet/dry) Skills learning objectives	Phase of completion	Performance metrics
Bolger et al. 2017 [11]	Not specified	N/A	N/A
Collins et al. 2017 [12]	1) Cadaver based basic course, understanding the robot and port set up, camera movement, how to use the console and instruments	Completed before operating with the robot	Not specified for 1) and 2)
	2) Cadaver based advanced course, objectives not otherwise specified	Not specified
Formisano et al. 2019 [13]	Laboratory training to assess basic competencies (co-ordination of masters and pedals, bimanual co-ordination, camera control and use of the third robotic arm)	Occurs prior to bedside or console experience	Not specified
Martin et al. 2019 [14]	1)Spring cadaver course, objectives not otherwise specified	Occurs in the advanced phase prior to console training	Not specified for 1) and 2)
	2)Advanced cadaver course, objectives not otherwise specified	Occurs in the equivalency certification phase in conjunction with console training
Waters et al. 2021 [15]	1) Hands on Dry Lab, objectives not otherwise specified	Occurs in the self-directed phase prior to operating room experience	Not specified for 1) and 2)
	2) Animal model course, objectives not otherwise specified	Occurs in the trainer directed phase prior to console experience
Unruh et al. 2023 [16]	Not specified	N/A	N/A