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. 2025 May 29;44:177. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00933-z

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of study participants

[ALL] Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 p.overall
N = 15,042 N = 3761 N = 3760 N = 3760 N = 3761
Age 60.0 (12.5) 64.9 (12.6) 60.5 (12.4) 58.1 (11.9) 56.5 (11.3) < 0.001
Education level: 0.059
 < High school 2280 (15.2%) 591 (15.7%) 597 (15.9%) 559 (14.9%) 533 (14.2%)
 Completed high school 2176 (14.5%) 579 (15.4%) 528 (14.1%) 510 (13.6%) 559 (14.9%)
 > High school 10,572 (70.3%) 2586 (68.8%) 2632 (70.1%) 2687 (71.5%) 2667 (70.9%)
Race: < 0.001
 Mexican American 2404 (16.0%) 501 (13.3%) 616 (16.4%) 688 (18.3%) 599 (15.9%)
 Other Hispanic 1121 (7.45%) 217 (5.77%) 295 (7.85%) 309 (8.22%) 300 (7.98%)
 Non-Hispanic White 7243 (48.2%) 2227 (59.2%) 1975 (52.5%) 1755 (46.7%) 1286 (34.2%)
 Non-Hispanic Black 3013 (20.0%) 502 (13.3%) 563 (15.0%) 666 (17.7%) 1282 (34.1%)
 Other Race 1261 (8.38%) 314 (8.35%) 311 (8.27%) 342 (9.10%) 294 (7.82%)
Marital status: < 0.001
 Married/Living with partner 10,923 (72.6%) 2557 (68.0%) 2765 (73.5%) 2861 (76.1%) 2740 (72.9%)
 Widowed/Divorced/Separated/Never married 4119 (27.4%) 1204 (32.0%) 995 (26.5%) 899 (23.9%) 1021 (27.1%)
Drink: 0.010
 No 11,242 (86.3%) 2799 (86.1%) 2773 (85.1%) 2828 (86.2%) 2842 (87.9%)
 Yes 1778 (13.7%) 450 (13.9%) 485 (14.9%) 453 (13.8%) 390 (12.1%)
Smoke: < 0.001
 Never 5970 (39.7%) 1278 (34.0%) 1455 (38.7%) 1622 (43.1%) 1615 (42.9%)
 Former 5833 (38.8%) 1555 (41.3%) 1472 (39.1%) 1396 (37.1%) 1410 (37.5%)
 Current 3239 (21.5%) 928 (24.7%) 833 (22.2%) 742 (19.7%) 736 (19.6%)
Physical activity level: < 0.001
 Inactive 5493 (43.2%) 1413 (45.8%) 1365 (42.6%) 1355 (42.0%) 1360 (42.5%)
 Moderate 3549 (27.9%) 901 (29.2%) 908 (28.3%) 909 (28.2%) 831 (26.0%)
 Vigorous 1019 (8.01%) 224 (7.25%) 237 (7.40%) 266 (8.24%) 292 (9.12%)
 Both moderate and vigorous 2658 (20.9%) 550 (17.8%) 693 (21.6%) 697 (21.6%) 718 (22.4%)
Presence of Comorbid Conditions: < 0.001
 No 3821 (25.4%) 799 (21.2%) 1028 (27.4%) 1018 (27.1%) 976 (26.0%)
 Yes 11,217 (74.6%) 2962 (78.8%) 2730 (72.6%) 2741 (72.9%) 2784 (74.0%)
Prostate_Cancer: < 0.001
 No 14,359 (95.5%) 3506 (93.2%) 3584 (95.3%) 3628 (96.5%) 3641 (96.8%)
 Yes 683 (4.54%) 255 (6.78%) 176 (4.68%) 132 (3.51%) 120 (3.19%)