Table 4.
Intermediate effect analysis (1)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal mortality | UHC Service Coverage Index | Maternal mortality | |
| Density of population | -0.836*** | 0.472*** | -0.045 |
| (-26.99) | (34.97) | (-1.43) | |
| UHC Service Coverage Index | -1.044*** | ||
| (-36.85) | |||
| GDP per capita | -0.000*** | 0.000*** | -0.000*** |
| (-7.46) | (5.00) | (-7.85) | |
| Current health expenditure per capita | -0.000** | 0.000 | -0.000** |
| (-2.52) | (0.88) | (-2.15) | |
| PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure | 0.008*** | -0.005*** | 0.004*** |
| (7.57) | (-9.63) | (4.47) | |
| Constant | 7.512*** | 2.111*** | 8.454*** |
| (46.64) | (33.09) | (65.32) | |
| Observations | 3,629 | 3,629 | 3,629 |
| N | 175 | 175 | 175 |
Note: z-statistics in parentheses
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1