Table 5.
Intermediate effect analysis (2)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under-5 mortality | UHC Service Coverage Index | Under-5 mortality | |
| Density of population | -0.829*** | 0.472*** | -0.063*** |
| (-34.71) | (34.97) | (-3.24) | |
| UHC Service Coverage Index | -1.141*** | ||
| (-61.84) | |||
| GDP per capita | -0.000*** | 0.000*** | -0.000*** |
| (-5.61) | (5.00) | (-5.53) | |
| Current health expenditure per capita | -0.000*** | 0.000 | -0.000*** |
| (-6.72) | (0.88) | (-8.11) | |
| PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure | 0.009*** | -0.005*** | 0.004*** |
| (10.67) | (-9.63) | (6.88) | |
| Constant | 6.447*** | 2.111*** | 7.890*** |
| (54.72) | (33.09) | (95.57) | |
| Observations | 3,629 | 3,629 | 3,629 |
| N | 175 | 175 | 175 |
Note: z-statistics in parentheses
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1