Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and treatment exposure
| Characteristics |
Low load (n = 30) |
High load (n = 28) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.7 ± 10.9 | 42.6 ± 10.0 | NS |
| Sex, females (%) | 15 (50%) | 15 (54%) | NS |
| Height (cm) | 176.0 ± 10.0 | 172.7 ± 8.4 | NS |
| Weight (kg) | 100.8 ± 11.5 | 98.4 ± 10.1 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 ± 1.7 | 32.9 ± 1.2 | NS |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 110.0 ± 7.6 | 110.0 ± 6.9 | NS |
| DXA scan | |||
| Fat percent (%) | 39.2 ± 5.7 | 40.3 ± 5.8 | NS |
| Fat mass (kg) | 39.1 ± 5.3 | 39.4 ± 5.7 | NS |
| Lean mass (kg) | 58.5 ± 10.6 | 55.9 ± 9.2 | NS |
| BMC (kg) | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | NS |
| CT scan | |||
| Abdominal visceral fat (cm3) | 68.8 ± 37.7 | 63.6 ± 24.8 | NS |
| Abdominal Subcutaneous fat (cm3) | 187.9 ± 43.7 | 200.3 ± 39.9 | NS |
| Liver fat (HU) | 61.4 ± 10.1 | 58.2 ± 11.0 | NS |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 123.8 ± 10.3 | 122.7 ± 10.3 | NS |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 73.9 ± 8.6 | 71.5 ± 9.6 | NS |
| Plasma/serum markers | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | NS |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | NS |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | NS |
| Glycerol (μmol/L) | 64.4 ± 27.1 | 65.3 ± 49.5 | NS |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | NS |
| Insulin (mIU/L) | 11.1 ± 8.2 | 10.5 ± 4.7 | NS |
| HOMA-IR | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | NS |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 33.2 ± 21.7 | 32.2 ± 16.9 | NS |
| Physical activity | |||
| Mean daily activity (mg) | 24.7 ± 8.3 | 23.9 ± 6.4 | NS |
| Sedentary time (minutes/day) | 728.7 ± 59.1 | 725.4 ± 61.1 | NS |
| LPA (minutes/day) | 101.1 ± 29.1 | 106.0 ± 25.3 | NS |
| MVPA (minutes/day) | 68.8 ± 25.3 | 67.3 ± 23.1 | NS |
| Energy balance | |||
| Energy expenditure (MJ/day) | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 2.0 | NS |
| Energy intake (MJ/day) | 9.1 ± 4.0 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | NS |
| Treatment exposure | |||
| Vest exposure (hrs/day) | 9.7 ± 1.0 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | NS |
| Standing time (hrs/day) | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | NS |
| Standing (%) | 48.7 ± 1.8 | 46.7 ± 1.6 | NS |
Values are given as mean ± SD or n (%) for all randomised subjects. For comparisons between groups, Fisher’s exact test was used for dichotomous variables, t-test was used for normally distributed continuous parameters, and Mann–Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed parameters
BMC bone mineral content, BMI body mass index, CT computed tomography, DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, HU Hounsfield unit, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LPA light physical activity, Mg milli-g (acceleration), MJ megajoules, MVPA moderate-vigorous physical activity, NS non-significant, Standing (%), proportion of hours standing out of the hours with vest exposure