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. 2025 May 30;25:87. doi: 10.1186/s12873-025-01240-w

Table 2.

Extracted themes, subthemes and cods of the study

Theme Sub theme Example of cods
Perceived psychological Nursing Care in T-CPR Ethical and Emotional Management in Care Moral conscience * Moral commitment of nursing care* stress management
empathic care Sense of philanthropy * Identify* sympathy* compassion
Crisis Management and Stress Control in T-CPR management aggressive bystander * management dispatcher’s anxiety* bystander’s circumstance management
Professional abilities of EMDs Perceived Professional Skills of EMDs Unsuccessful resuscitation associated with insufficient experience*Effective communication with the caller*Perfect implementation of T-CPR
Satisfaction Related to Successful Performance successful resuscitation with all the problems
Happiness associated with saving the patient
Proud of doing the correct resuscitation
Cultural Necessities related to T-CPR The Challenges of Training Low CPR knowledge level of the bystanders*Lack of sufficient dispatcher training in T-CPR
Communication Challenges Lack of public awareness about CPR* Different language of the bystander
Perceived Need for Public Education and Culture Fear of worsening the patient’s condition after resuscitation*T-CPR training is a waste of time*The duty of the dispatcher is only to send an ambulance

* Codes are labels used to represent the meaning of the participants’ sentences, Codes that have the same meaning are placed in the sub-theme and similar sub themes in main themes groups