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. 2025 May 30;20:544. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05939-1

Table 2.

A comparison of clinical characteristics stratified by surgery among patients

Characteristics Surgery p
No Yes
n 269 112
Sex (%) 0.909
 Female 76 (28.3) 33 (29.5)
 Male 193 (71.7) 79 (70.5)
Age (years, mean (SD)) 68.70 (6.25) 69.41 (5.39) 0.295
PT (°, mean (SD)) 16.61 (10.62) 21.86 (9.32) < 0.001
Sacral slope (°, mean (SD)) 30.80 (12.50) 29.02 (10.66) 0.189
Thoracic kyphosis (°, mean (SD)) 25.59 (22.88) 21.93 (12.98) 0.113
PI (°, mean (SD)) 47.40 (11.89) 50.96 (11.34) 0.007
LL (°, mean (SD)) 40.05 (20.02) 36.79 (18.85) 0.142
PI-LL (°, mean (SD)) 7.35 (18.44) 14.17 (16.64) 0.001
Lower lumbar lordosis (°, mean (SD)) 32.12 (11.99) 29.55 (10.32) 0.048
Lordosis distribution index (mean (SD)) 1.17 (3.27) 2.36 (13.69) 0.181
Chin-brow vertical angle (°, mean (SD)) -1.78 (7.36) -1.76 (8.11) 0.981
T1 pelvic angle (°, mean (SD)) 14.62 (11.58) 19.25 (10.27) < 0.001
SVA (mm, mean (SD)) 29.69 (48.67) 33.33 (42.09) 0.489
CrSVA-H (mm, mean (SD)) 4.79 (52.14) -4.06 (46.63) 0.120
Global tilt (°, mean (SD)) 19.03 (14.12) 24.46 (12.48) < 0.001
Pelvic shift (mm, mean (SD)) 26.35 (34.21) 34.74 (30.54) 0.025
Knee flexion angle (°, mean (SD)) 9.98 (8.18) 10.79 (7.71) 0.370
Femoral obliquity angle (°, mean (SD)) 2.93 (5.16) 3.59 (4.21) 0.225
Coronal T1 pelvic tilt angle (°, mean (SD)) 1.68 (1.67) 1.76 (1.84) 0.683
Cobb angle (°, mean (SD)) 13.57 (11.71) 12.63 (10.45) 0.464
C7-CSVL (mm, mean (SD)) 11.79 (11.31) 13.94 (11.05) 0.089
Hip-knee ankle angle (°, mean (SD)) 3.58 (4.65) 3.40 (3.81) 0.717

SD, Standard Deviation; PT, Pelvic Tilt; PI, Pelvic Incidence; LL, Lumbar Lordosis; SVA, Sagittal Vertical Axis; CrSVA-H, The distance from the Cranial Sagittal Vertical Axis (CrSVA) to the center of the Hip; C7-CSVL, The alignment of the C7 plumb line in relation to the Center Sacral Vertical Line (CSVL)