Skip to main content
. 2025 May 30;25:1996. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23153-w

Table 2.

Descriptive, univariate and multivariate results of NPS harm awareness among online-dating MSM in Shandong, China

Study Variable Descriptive results Univariate results Multivariate results
Total
(%)
Low harm awareness High harm awareness OR (95%CI) P aOR (95%CI) P
Age(years)
 < 25 645(23.2) 87(13.5) 558(86.5) 1.622(1.188–2.214) 0.002** 1.649(1.131–2.405) 0.009**
 25–35 1091(39.2) 123(11.3) 968(88.7) 1.227(0.915–1.646) 0.172 1.272(0.940–1.721) 0.119
 ≥ 35 1049(37.7) 92(8.8) 957(91.2) 1.000 1.000
Marital status
 Married 794(28.5) 75(9.4) 719(90.6) 0.811(0.616–1.067) 0.135 1.093(0.763–1.565) 0.627
 Single/Separated 1991(71.5) 227(11.4) 1764(88.6) 1.000 1.000
Sexual orientation
 Homosexual 2172(78.0) 248(11.4) 1924(88.6) 1.334(0.980–1.817) 0.067 1.202(0.848–1.702) 0.301
 Bisexual or others 613(22.0) 54(8.8) 559(91.2) 1.000 1.000
Residency (Province)
 Shandong 2520(90.5) 286(11.3) 2234(88.7) 1.992(1.184–3.352) 0.009** 1.997(1.179–3.382) 0.010*
 Non-Shandong 265(9.5) 16(6.0) 249(94.0) 1.000 1.000
Education

 High school

 or lower

853(30.6) 90(10.6) 763(89.4) 1.000
 College or higher 1932(69.4) 212(11.0) 1720(89.0) 1.045(0.805–1.356) 0.741
Knowledge of HIV
 < 6 2743(98.5) 290(10.6) 2453(89.4) 1.000 1.000
 ≥ 6 42(1.5) 12(28.6) 30(71.4) 3.383(1.713–6.681) < 0.001*** 3.483(1.723–7.041) 0.001**
Group sex in the P6M a
 Yes 583(21.1) 49(8.4) 534(91.6) 1.000 1.000
 No 2185(78.9) 251(11.5) 1934(88.5) 1.390(1.008–1.918) 0.045* 1.531(1.097–2.138) 0.012*
Commercial sex with man in the P6M a
 Yes 319(11.6) 25(7.8) 294(92.2) 1.000
 No 2431(88.4) 264(10.9) 2167(89.1) 1.300(0.770–2.195) 0.315
Anonymous during online dating
 Yes 2179(78.2) 205(9.4) 1974(90.6) 1.000 1.000
 No 606(21.8) 97(16.0) 509(84.0) 1.835(1.414–2.381) < 0.001*** 1.733(1.329–2.261) < 0.001***
Ever had a test for HIV before sex with online partner in the P6M
 Yes 1855(66.6) 210(11.3) 1645(88.7) 1.163(0.898–1.506) 0.253
 No 930(33.4) 92(9.9) 838(90.1) 1.000
Consistent condom use with online partner in the P6M a
 Yes 1447(52.0) 135(9.3) 1312(90.7) 1.000 1.000
 No 1336(48.0) 165(12.4) 1171(87.6) 1.368(1.076–1.738) 0.011* 1.554(1.208–1.998) 0.001**
Received HIV-related prevention services in the past year
 Yes 2679(96.2) 297(11.1) 2382(88.9) 2.519(1.018–6.232) < 0.001*** 2.191(0.873–5.499) 0.095
 No 106(3.8) 5(4.7) 101(95.3) 1.000 1.000
HIV status
 Positive 77(2.8) 10(13.0) 67(87.0) 1.235(0.628–2.427) 0.540
 Negative 2708(97.2) 292(10.8) 2416(89.2) 1.000
Syphilis status
 Positive 136(4.9) 14(10.3) 122(89.7) 1.000
 Negative 2649(95.1) 288(10.9) 2361(89.1) 1.063(0.603–1.873) 0.833
Having used NPS
 Yes 1605(57.6) 152(9.5) 1453(90.5) 1.000 1.000
 No 1180(42.4) 150(12.7) 1030(87.3) 1.392(1.096–1.768) 0.007** 1.371(1.071–1.754) 0.012*

a Sample size vary across variables due to missing data. Specific missing counts are as follows: group sex in the P6M (n = 17), commercial sex with man in the P6M (n = 35), and consistent condom use with online partner in the P6M (n = 2). ***,P < 0.001.**,P < 0.01.*,P < 0.05. OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; P6M, past 6 months.