Table 3.
Summary of the anthropometric measurement and physical examinations (A) and the urinalysis (B).
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Unit | Time point | n | Lower limit of reference range | Upper limit of reference range | Placebo group |
Test-food group |
||||||||||||||
| n | Mean | SD | Med | Min | Max | 95 % CI- | 95 % CI+ | n | Mean | SD | Med | Min | Max | 95 % CI- |
95 % CI+ | ||||||
| Body height | cm | VISIT1 | 23 | 162.8 | 8.2 | 162.2 | 149.7 | 183.5 | 159.3 | 166.3 | 23 | 163.4 | 7.6 | 162.9 | 152.6 | 176.5 | 160.1 | 166.8 | VISIT1 | 23 | 162.8 |
| VISIT2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | VISIT2 | 0 | – | ||
| Body weight | kg | VISIT1 | 23 | 58.2 | 8.8 | 60.6 | 38.9 | 71.7 | 54.4 | 62.0 | 23 | 57.0 | 13.8 | 55.6 | 30.4 | 84.9 | 51.0 | 62.9 | VISIT1 | 23 | 58.2 |
| VISIT2 | 23 | 57.6 | 8.7 | 58.4 | 38.9 | 69.8 | 53.8 | 61.4 | 23 | 56.7 | 13.9 | 55.4 | 31.5 | 85.1 | 50.7 | 62.8 | VISIT2 | 23 | 57.6 | ||
| BMI | kg/m2 | VISIT1 | 23 | 22.0 | 3.2 | 21.9 | 14.8 | 27.4 | 20.6 | 23.4 | 23 | 21.1 | 3.7 | 21.0 | 13.1 | 27.6 | 19.5 | 22.7 | VISIT1 | 23 | 22.0 |
| VISIT2 | 23 | 21.7 | 3.0 | 21.9 | 14.8 | 26.6 | 20.5 | 23.0 | 23 | 21.0 | 3.8 | 20.9 | 13.5 | 27.7 | 19.4 | 22.6 | VISIT2 | 23 | 21.7 | ||
| Systolic blood | mmHg | VISIT1 | 23 | 116.3 | 13.0 | 119.0 | 94.0 | 148.0 | 110.7 | 122.0 | 23 | 115.9 | 17.3 | 111.0 | 92.0 | 145.0 | 108.4 | 123.4 | VISIT1 | 23 | 116.3 |
| pressure | VISIT2 | 23 | 118.6 | 14.1 | 120.0 | 88.0 | 142.0 | 112.5 | 124.7 | 23 | 113.2 | 15.5 | 113.0 | 87.0 | 137.0 | 106.5 | 119.9 | VISIT2 | 23 | 118.6 | |
| Diastolic blood | mmHg | VISIT1 | 23 | 75.9 | 10.0 | 74.0 | 59.0 | 93.0 | 71.6 | 80.2 | 23 | 76.0 | 11.9 | 73.0 | 59.0 | 98.0 | 70.9 | 81.2 | VISIT1 | 23 | 75.9 |
| pressure | VISIT2 | 23 | 78.7 | 11.0 | 83.0 | 55.0 | 94.0 | 73.9 | 83.4 | 23 | 73.2 | 11.9 | 73.0 | 57.0 | 95.0 | 68.1 | 78.4 | VISIT2 | 23 | 78.7 | |
| (B) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Time point | Result | Placebo group |
Test-food group |
||
| Number of cases | Percentage of cases (%) | Number of cases | Percentage of cases (%) | |||
| Urinary protein | VISIT1 | (−) | 22 | 95.7 | 22 | 95.7 |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.3 | ||
| (+) | 1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| VISIT2 | (−) | 23 | 100.0 | 21 | 91.3 | |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 8.7 | ||
| (+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Urinary glucose | VISIT1 | (−) | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| VISIT2 | (−) | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Urinary pH | VISIT1 | <5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 5.0–7.5 | 22 | 95.7 | 23 | 100.0 | ||
| >7.5 | 1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| VISIT2 | <5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| 5.0–7.5 | 22 | 95.7 | 22 | 95.7 | ||
| >7.5 | 1 | 4.3 | 1 | 4.3 | ||
| Urinary occult blood | VISIT1 | (−) | 22 | 95.7 | 22 | 95.7 |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.3 | ||
| (+) | 1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| VISIT2 | (−) | 21 | 91.3 | 19 | 82.6 | |
| (±) | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 13.0 | ||
| (+) | 1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (2+) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| (3+) | 1 | 4.3 | 1 | 4.3 | ||
n, Number of cases; SD, Standard Deviation; Med, Median; Min, Minimum; Max, Maximum; 95%CI−, Lower limit of 95 % Confidence Interval for group differences; 95%CI+, Upper limit of 95 % Confidence Interval for group differences; VISIT1, Screening and baseline assessment; VISIT2, Examination at week 3 after consumption.