Table 2.
Descriptive statistics by family characteristics
| Total (N = 1647) |
Family with care-dependent (n = 321) | Family without care-dependent (n = 1326) |
Chi-Square or t-Statistic | df | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household size (Mean, SD) | 3.15 (0.98) | 3.14 (1.12) | 3.15 (0.94) | -0.203 | 437 | 0.840 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 778 (47.24%) | 139 (43.30%) | 639 (48.19%) | 1.580 | 490 | 0.115 |
| Female | 869 (52.76%) | 182 (56.70%) | 687 (51.81%) | |||
| Age (Mean, SD) | 47.68 (15.86) | 51.85 (15.20) | 46.68 (15.86) | 5.424 | 503 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married or cohabiting with a partner | 1532 (90.02%) | 296 (92.21%) | 1236 (93.21%) | 0.607 | 466 | 0.544 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 115 (6.98%) | 25 (7.79%) | 90 (6.79%) | |||
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| Primary education or lower | 292 (17.73%) | 69 (21.50%) | 233 (16.82%) | -2.716 | 481 | 0.007 |
| Secondary education | 699 (42.44%) | 144 (44.86%) | 555 (41.85%) | |||
| Post-secondary education or above | 656 (39.83%) | 108 (33.64%) | 548 (41.33%) | |||
| Socioeconomic Status (SES) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 80 (4.86%) | 28 (8.72%) | 52 (3.92%) | 2.884 | 396 | 0.004 |
| Family monthly income (in HKD) | ||||||
| Below median family monthly income | 883 (53.61%) | 209 (65.11%) | 674 (50.83%) | -4.764 | 504 | < 0.001 |
| Above median family monthly income | 764 (46.39%) | 112 (34.89%) | 652 (49.17%) | |||
| Ratio of rent or mortgage/Family income (Mean, SD) | 14.96 (16.47) | 15.05 (18.26) | 14.94 (16.01) | 0.097 | 446 | 0.923 |
| Under 30% | 1445 (87.74%) | 277 (86.30%) | 1168 (88.08%) | 1.050 | 454 | 0.295 |
| 30 − 49% | 112 (6.80%) | 22 (6.85%) | 90 (6.79%) | |||
| 50% or above | 90 (5.46%) | 22 (6.85%) | 68 (5.13%) | |||
| Per capita living space/average living space per person (Mean, SD) | 155.59 (70.21) | 149.94 (70.71) | 156.96 (70.04) | -1.599 | 483 | 0.111 |
| Below median | 1303 (79.11%) | 252 (78.51%) | 1051 (79.26%) | 0.296 | 481 | 0.767 |
| Above median | 344 (20.89%) | 69 (21.49%) | 275 (20.74%) | |||
| Disability or chronic illness | 285 (17.30%) | 90 (28.04%) | 195 (14.71%) | -4.951 | 421 | < 0.001 |
| Major Caregiver | 60 (66.67%) | 26.683 | 89 | < 0.001 | ||
| Non-major caregiver | 30 (33.33%) | |||||
| Caregiving roles | ||||||
| Non-caregiver | 1326 (80.51%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1326 (100%) | -23.152 | 320 | < 0.001 |
| Primary caregiver | 201 (12.20%) | 201 (62.62%) | 0 (0.00%) | 46.045 | 200 | < 0.001 |
| Male primary caregiver | 81 (40.30%) | |||||
| Female primary caregiver | 120 (59.70%) | |||||
| Secondary caregiver | 120 (7.29%) | 120 (37.38%) | 0 (0%) | 60.125 | 320 | < 0.001 |
| Perceived social support | 61.63 (11.49) | 58.69 (12.53) | 62.34 (11.12) | -4.776 | 450 | < 0.001 |
| Access to social services (Mean, SD) | 782 (47.48%) | 160 (49.84%) | 622 (46.91%) | -0.943 | 486 | 0.346 |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Physical health (Mean, SD) | 3.16 (0.93) | 3.51 (0.86) | 3.07 (0.92) | -7.955 | 516 | < 0.001 |
| Mental health (Mean, SD) | 2.29 (2.72) | 3.25 (3.01) | 2.06 (2.59) | 6.575 | 442 | < 0.001 |
| Life satisfaction (Mean, SD) | 17.55 (6.31) | 19.00 (6.69) | 17.19 (6.17) | 4.413 | 461 | < 0.001 |