Table 3.
Multivariate regression results
| Physical health | Mental health | Life satisfaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | Standardized Beta (95% CI) |
p | Standardized Beta (95% CI) |
p | |
| Phase 1 | ||||||
| Intercept | - | - |
3.753*** (3.144, 4.362) |
< 0.001 |
19.418*** (18.025, 20.811) |
< 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | - | - | - | - | ||
| Female |
0.238** (0.055, 0.422) |
0.011 |
0.188 (-0.077, 0.452) |
0.279 |
-0.343 (-0.947, 0.261) |
0.265 |
| Age |
0.013*** (0.006, 0.422) |
< 0.001 |
-0.207*** (-0.271, -0.144) |
< 0.001 |
-0.213*** (-0.276, -0.151) |
< 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married or cohabiting with a partner | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Separated/divorced/ widowed |
0.167 (-0.192, 0.529) |
0.363 |
0.997*** (0.476, 1.517) |
< 0.001 |
3.467*** (2.276, 4.658) |
< 0.001 |
| Education attainment | ||||||
| Primary education or lower |
0.508** (0.175, 0.843) |
0.003 |
-0.083 (-0.561, 0.395) |
0.734 |
0.154 (-0.939, 1.247) |
0.782 |
| Secondary education |
0.279** (0.060, 0.499) |
0.013 |
-0.183 (-0.501, 0.134) |
0.258 |
0.367 (-0.361, 1.093) |
0.323 |
| Post-secondary education or above | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Unemployed |
0.561** (0.134, 0.992) |
0.010 |
0.915** (0.311, 1.519) |
0.003 |
2.155** (0.773, 3.537) |
0.002 |
| Family monthly income | ||||||
| Below median family monthly income of Hong Kong |
0.166 (-0.023, 0.355) |
0.086 |
0.215 (-0.057, 0.488) |
0.122 |
1.535*** (0.911, 2.158) |
< 0.001 |
| Above median family monthly income of Hong Kong | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ratio of rent or mortgage/Family income | ||||||
| Under 30% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 30–49% |
0.039 (-0.309, 0.389) |
0.825 |
-0.495 (-1.008, 0.018) |
0.058 |
-0.106 (-1.278, 1.067) |
0.860 |
| 50% or above |
-0.233 (-0.643, 0.180) |
0.268 |
-0.295 (-0.863, 0.272) |
0.308 |
-0.294 (-1.592, 1.004) |
0.657 |
| Per capita living space/average living space per person | ||||||
| Below median |
0.336* (0.107, 0.566) |
0.004 |
0.059 (-0.272, 0.391) |
0.726 |
1.299*** (0.541, 2.057) |
< 0.001 |
| Above median | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| R Square | - | 0.062 | 0.088 | |||
|
Cox and Snell R Square Nagelkerke R Square N F |
0.053 0.021 1647 - |
- - 1647 10.830 |
- - 1647 15.780 |
|||
| df | - | 1636 | 1636 | |||
| p-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Phase 2 | ||||||
| Intercept | - | - |
3.926*** (3.314, 4.538) |
- |
19.555*** (18.135, 20.976) |
- |
| Presence of Disability or chronic illness |
0.201 (-0.085, 0.488) |
0.169 |
0.055* (0.001 0.109) |
0.046 |
0.010 (-0.044, 0.064) |
0.713 |
| Caregiving role | ||||||
| Without care-dependent, no caregiving role | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| With care-dependent, major caregiving role |
0.763*** (0.414, 1.118) |
< 0.001 |
1.701*** (1.214, 2.188) |
< 0.001 |
2.337*** (1.207, 3.467) |
< 0.001 |
| With care-dependent, secondary caregiving role |
0.759*** (0.471, 1.049) |
< 0.001 |
1.098*** (0.704, 1.491) |
< 0.001 |
1.740*** (0.823, 2.651) |
< 0.001 |
| R Square | - | 0.104 | 0.103 | |||
|
Cox and Snell R Square Nagelkerke R Square N F |
0.077 0.031 1647 - |
- - - 14.600 |
- - - 14.470 |
|||
| df | - | 1633 | 1633 | |||
| p-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Phase 3 | ||||||
| Intercept | - | - |
9.105*** (8.197, 10.013) |
- |
37.096*** (35.174, 39.018) |
- |
| Perceived social support |
0.554*** (-0.660, -0.449) |
< 0.001 |
-0.347*** (-0.389, -0.304) |
< 0.001 |
-0.512*** (-0.547, -0.475) |
< 0.001 |
| Access to social services |
0.173 (-0.009, 0.355) |
0.063 |
0.002 (-0.041, 0.045) |
0.929 |
0.024 (-0.015, 0.064) |
0.251 |
|
R Square Cox and Snell R Square Nagelkerke R Square N |
- 0.140 0.058 1647 |
0.215 - - 1647 |
0.346 - - 1647 |
|||
| F | - | 29.760 | 57.640 | |||
| df | - | 1631 | 1631 | |||
| p-value | - | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Note. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001