Skip to main content
. 2025 May 19;16:1495450. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1495450

Table 3.

Independent predictive factors in development and validation cohorts.

Variables Overall population(n=237) Development cohort (n=190) Validation cohort(n=47) p
Smoking status, No. (%) 0.6273
Ex-smoker/smoker 111 (46.84) 87 (45.79) 24 (51.06)
Non-smoker 126 (53.16) 103 (54.21) 23 (48.94)
Prior COPD, No. (%) 1
Yes 69 (29.11) 55 (28.95) 14 (29.79)
No 168 (70.89) 135 (71.05) 33 (70.21)
GGO, No. (%) 18 (7.59) 15 (7.89) 3 (6.38) 0.9659
Yes
No 219 (92.41) 175 (92.11) 44 (93.62)
NSIP, No. (%) 0.4776
Yes 30 (12.66) 26 (13.68) 4 (8.51)
No 207 (87.34) 164 (86.32) 43 (91.49)
pleural effusions, No. (%) 0.9958
Yes 68 (28.69) 54 (28.42) 14 (29.79)
No 169 (71.31) 136 (71.58) 33 (70.21)
NLR (median [IQR]) 8.09 [4.14, 15.42] 8.73 [4.37, 15.65] 6.213 [3.410, 11.488] 0.0996
PaO2 (median [IQR]) 88.00 [76.30, 103.60] 89.00 [76.95, 103.82] 86.10 [69.95, 103.00] 0.4123

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GGO, ground glass opacities; NSIP, non-specific interstitial pneumonitis; NLR, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio; PaO2, Oxygen Partial Pressure.