Table 2. A summary of the characteristics of the included in vivo studies .

First Author/ date	Study design	Duration	Age	Novamin added to	Time points	Sample size		Gender		Groups
Hoffman, 20156	Clinical trial	6 months	12-25 years	Toothpaste	T1: 3 months	T0	48	flo	15M/9F	Control	Fluoride
					T2: 6 months	T1	44	Nov	17M/7F	Experiment	Novamin
Mollabashi, 20227	Clinical trial	6 months	15-30 years	Fluoride toothpaste	T1: 1 month	T0	38			Control	Fluoride
					T2: 3 months	T1,2	36			Test	Fluoride and Novamin
Salah, 20228	Clinical trial	6 months	14-26 years	Toothpaste	T1: 1 week	T0	60	T0	39F 21M	BioMinF (Bio-BAG)
					T2: 1 month					NovaMin (N-BAG)
					T3: 3 months	T4	56	T4	37F 19M
					T4: 6 months					CPP-ACP (control group)
Tiwari, 20239	Clinical trial	6 months	13-35 years	Toothpaste	T1: 6 months	T0	93	T0	52M/41F	probiotic
						T1	85	T1	50M/35F	Novamin
										Fluoride (control group)