Table 3. A summary of the characteristics of the included in vitro studies .
| Author / date | Study design | Novamin added to | Duration | Sample size | Groups | Time points | ||
| Abbassy 201910 | Invitro | paste | 21 premolars | Novamin | Applied for 24 h | |||
| Fluoride | Applied for 5 min | |||||||
| Control | No treatment | |||||||
| Al Shehab 202211 | Invitro | Paste (FBAG) |
135 premolars (45 per group) |
FBAG (BioMinF) | ||||
| Alpha-Glaze (resin sealer) | ||||||||
| Control (Transbond XT) | ||||||||
| Bakhsh 201712 | Invitro | Paste | 45 premolars (15 per group) |
BG | bioglass paste for 24 h | |||
| REM | remineralization solution for 24 h | |||||||
| CONT | no treatment | |||||||
| Bakhsh 201813 | Invitro | Paste | 15 premolars | REM | bioglass paste | |||
| CONTROL | ||||||||
| Bakry 201814 | Invitro | Paste | 90 premolars | BioMinF (applied for 24 h) | ||||
| Fluoride (4 min application) | ||||||||
| Fluoride (24 h application) | ||||||||
| Control (no treatment) | ||||||||
| Ballard 201315 | Invitro | Toothpaste | 28 days | 40 premolars | Control (artificial saliva) | pretreatment | ||
| Restore toothpaste (Novamin) | Immediately after demineralization | |||||||
| PreviDent 5000 | Day 7 of treatment | |||||||
| MI paste plus | Day 14 of treatment | |||||||
| Day 21 of treatment | ||||||||
| Day 28 of treatment | ||||||||
| Bichu 201316 | Invitro comparative | Paste | 75 premolars | Control | No treatment | |||
| FP | Fluoride varnish | |||||||
| CPP-ACP | ||||||||
| Novamin | ||||||||
| CPP-ACP + fluoride | ||||||||
| Gokce 201717 | Invitro | Toothpaste | 2 weeks | 45 premolars | Fluoride-containing toothpaste (control) | T1 = Baseline: After 7 days of remineralization | ||
| Novamin-containing toothpaste | T2 = Immediately after 2 weeks of the treatment | |||||||
| Probiotic-containing toothpaste | ||||||||
| Mohanty 201418 | Invitro | toothpaste | 40 premolars | Novamin (remineralizing paste) | T0 | 0 days | ||
| Control | T1 | 2 days | ||||||
| T2 | 10 days | |||||||