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. 2025 May 19;16:1506822. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1506822

Table 2.

Publication bias analyses results.

Outcome k Trim and Fill Egger test RoB
Studies imputed Adjusted SMD 95%CI
Depression post-treatment 25 0 -1.68 -2.72 to -0.64 -2.54* high
Depression follow-up 10 0 -0.18 -0.75 to 0.39 0.14 high
PF post-treatment 13 0 -0.60 -1.17 to -0.04 -1.57 high

SMD, standardized mean differences; RoB, Risk of bias; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.