. 2025 Jun 2;25:641. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07766-y

Table 4.

The case number and ASR of dalys of MHD in 1990 and 2021 for female by SDI quintiles and by GBD regions, with EAPC from 1990 to 2021

DALYs	1990	2021
	Number (95% UIs)	ASDAR(95% UIs)	Number (95% UIs)	ASDAR(95% UIs)	EAPC (95% CI) 1990–2021
Global	3,479,885 (3,085,882-3,873,201)	204.25 (181.13-227.34)	2,469,636 (2,083,398-2,958,212)	98.99 (83.51-118.58)	-2.10 (-2.15 to -2.04)
High SDI	33,250 (26,096 − 42,851)	11.88 (9.32–15.30)	20,491 (14,260 − 29,256)	6.63 (4.61–9.46)	-1.70 (-1.81 to -1.6)
High-middle SDI	139,303 (112,428 − 168,990)	40.01 (32.29–48.53)	3488,4 (27,185 − 44,882)	8.92 (6.95–11.48)	-4.19 (-4.27 to -4.10)
Middle SDI	690,767 (607,609–780,248)	121.99 (107.30-137.79)	329,586 (282,911 − 391,530)	41.72 (35.81–49.56)	-3.05 (-3.12 to -2.99)
Low-middle SDI	1,480,228 (1,288,978-1,643,500)	412.78 (359.45-458.32)	888,004 (717,495-1,101,565)	138.21 (111.68-171.45)	-3.49 (-3.58 to -3.39)
Low SDI	1,134,178 (960,803-1,289,414)	760.77 (644.48–864.90)	1,194,634 (983,739-1,454,751)	331.74 (273.17-403.97)	-2.57 (-2.67 to -2.47)
Andean Latin America	39,982 (34,224 − 46,689)	323.59 (276.98-377.87)	20,884 (15,654 − 27,162)	95.44 (71.54-124.13)	-4.19 (-4.41 to -3.96)
Australasia	655(471–921)	9.96 (7.17–14.01)	444.13 (270.34-699.83)	4.84 (2.95–7.63)	-2.08 (-2.32 to -1.85)
Caribbean	24,004 (19,494 − 29,614)	204.00 (165.67-251.68)	30,763 (19,909 − 44,682)	201.16 (130.19-292.18)	0.75 (0.53 to 0.96)
Central Asia	16,051 (14,253 − 18,012)	73.33 (65.12–82.30)	5,756 (4,747-6,995)	18.72 (15.43–22.74)	-4.09 (-4.41 to -3.78)
Central Europe	4,418 (3,638-5,460)	11.20 (9.22–13.84)	1,277 (872-1,850)	3.91 (2.66–5.66)	-2.81 (-3.24 to -2.37)
Central Latin America	76,045 (68,349 − 83,482)	139.76 (125.62-153.43)	35,211 (29,062 − 42,472)	40.89 (33.75–49.32)	-3.61 (-3.82 to -3.39)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	153,719 (108,575 − 202,463)	930.64 (657.33-1225.74)	169,383 (120,040–232,144)	389.90 (276.32-534.37)	-2.06 (-2.37 to -1.76)
East Asia	125,963 (90,448 − 167,330)	30.85 (22.16–40.99)	18,997 (13,979 − 25,375)	4.38 (3.22–5.85)	-5.36 (-5.61 to -5.11)
Eastern Europe	16,522 (13,599 − 20,732)	22.98 (18.91–28.83)	5,234 (3,197-8,326)	8.55 (5.22–13.60)	-2.62 (-2.97 to -2.26)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	470,623 (406,953 − 536,555)	813.24 (703.22-927.17)	411,016 (334,512 − 500,683)	293.55 (238.91-357.59)	-3.17 (-3.31 to -3.02)
High-income Asia Pacific	4,774 (3,779-6,014)	8.33 (6.59–10.49)	1,393 (951-2,012)	2.84 (1.94–4.10)	-3.66 (-4.1 to -3.23)
High-income North America	11,437 (8,401 − 15,916)	12.65 (9.29–17.60)	11,120 (7,956 − 14,920)	10.37 (7.42–13.91)	-0.32 (-0.51 to -0.13)
North Africa and Middle East	272,820 (219,474 − 324,251)	263.81 (212.23-313.54)	112,009 (84,543 − 145,990)	55.54 (41.92–72.39)	-4.78 (-4.97 to -4.59)
Oceania	2,858 (1,662-4,244)	141.32 (82.17-209.85)	5,144 (3,595-7,086)	116.13 (81.17-159.99)	-0.55 (-0.73 to -0.36)
South Asia	1,315,573 (1,116,161-1,497,912)	395.48 (335.53-450.29)	746,671 (559,140–976,528)	120.16 (89.98-157.15)	-4.00 (-4.19 to -3.81)
Southeast Asia	404,655 (338,524 − 473,087)	260.80 (218.18-304.91)	194,162 (158,026–242,903)	83.75 (68.16-104.77)	-3.37 (-3.44 to -3.29)
Southern Latin America	8,168 (6,944-9,670)	51.38 (43.68–60.83)	3,729 (2,812-4,885)	17.05 (12.86–22.33)	-2.79 (-3.02 to -2.56)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	41,239 (32,037–53,875)	238.18 (185.03-311.16)	31,625 (24,643 − 39,964)	115.45 (89.96–145.90)	-1.05 (-2.04 to -0.05)
Tropical Latin America	77,629 (69,713 − 86,526)	150.87 (135.49-168.16)	24,210 (20,615 − 27,912)	32.09 (27.32–36.99)	-4.06 (-4.48 to -3.64)
Western Europe	9,219 (7,253 − 12,289)	7.75 (6.10-10.33)	5,300 (3,362-8,270)	4.39 (2.79–6.85)	-1.36 (-1.51 to -1.2)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	403,528 (314,574 − 491,338)	695.37 (542.08-846.69)	635,307 (496,632–820,756)	399.91 (312.62-516.64)	-1.57 (-1.65 to -1.49)

DALYs

1990

2021

Number (95% UIs)

ASDAR(95% UIs)

Number (95% UIs)

ASDAR(95% UIs)

EAPC (95% CI) 1990–2021

Global

3,479,885

(3,085,882-3,873,201)

204.25

(181.13-227.34)

2,469,636

(2,083,398-2,958,212)

98.99

(83.51-118.58)

-2.10

(-2.15 to -2.04)

High SDI

33,250

(26,096 − 42,851)

11.88

(9.32–15.30)

20,491

(14,260 − 29,256)

6.63

(4.61–9.46)

-1.70

(-1.81 to -1.6)

High-middle SDI

139,303

(112,428 − 168,990)

40.01

(32.29–48.53)

3488,4

(27,185 − 44,882)

8.92

(6.95–11.48)

-4.19

(-4.27 to -4.10)

Middle SDI

690,767

(607,609–780,248)

121.99

(107.30-137.79)

329,586

(282,911 − 391,530)

41.72

(35.81–49.56)

-3.05

(-3.12 to -2.99)

Low-middle SDI

1,480,228

(1,288,978-1,643,500)

412.78

(359.45-458.32)

888,004

(717,495-1,101,565)

138.21

(111.68-171.45)

-3.49

(-3.58 to -3.39)

Low SDI

1,134,178

(960,803-1,289,414)

760.77

(644.48–864.90)

1,194,634

(983,739-1,454,751)

331.74

(273.17-403.97)

-2.57

(-2.67 to -2.47)

Andean Latin America

39,982

(34,224 − 46,689)

323.59

(276.98-377.87)

20,884

(15,654 − 27,162)

95.44

(71.54-124.13)

-4.19

(-4.41 to -3.96)

Australasia

655(471–921)

9.96

(7.17–14.01)

444.13

(270.34-699.83)

4.84

(2.95–7.63)

-2.08

(-2.32 to -1.85)

Caribbean

24,004

(19,494 − 29,614)

204.00

(165.67-251.68)

30,763

(19,909 − 44,682)

201.16

(130.19-292.18)

0.75

(0.53 to 0.96)

Central Asia

16,051

(14,253 − 18,012)

73.33

(65.12–82.30)

5,756

(4,747-6,995)

18.72

(15.43–22.74)

-4.09

(-4.41 to -3.78)

Central Europe

4,418

(3,638-5,460)

11.20

(9.22–13.84)

1,277

(872-1,850)

3.91

(2.66–5.66)

-2.81

(-3.24 to -2.37)

Central Latin America

76,045

(68,349 − 83,482)

139.76

(125.62-153.43)

35,211

(29,062 − 42,472)

40.89

(33.75–49.32)

-3.61

(-3.82 to -3.39)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

153,719

(108,575 − 202,463)

930.64

(657.33-1225.74)

169,383

(120,040–232,144)

389.90

(276.32-534.37)

-2.06

(-2.37 to -1.76)

East Asia

125,963

(90,448 − 167,330)

30.85

(22.16–40.99)

18,997

(13,979 − 25,375)

4.38

(3.22–5.85)

-5.36

(-5.61 to -5.11)

Eastern Europe

16,522

(13,599 − 20,732)

22.98

(18.91–28.83)

5,234

(3,197-8,326)

8.55

(5.22–13.60)

-2.62

(-2.97 to -2.26)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

470,623

(406,953 − 536,555)

813.24

(703.22-927.17)

411,016

(334,512 − 500,683)

293.55

(238.91-357.59)

-3.17

(-3.31 to -3.02)

High-income Asia Pacific

4,774

(3,779-6,014)

8.33

(6.59–10.49)

1,393

(951-2,012)

2.84

(1.94–4.10)

-3.66

(-4.1 to -3.23)

High-income North America

11,437

(8,401 − 15,916)

12.65

(9.29–17.60)

11,120

(7,956 − 14,920)

10.37

(7.42–13.91)

-0.32

(-0.51 to -0.13)

North Africa and Middle East

272,820

(219,474 − 324,251)

263.81

(212.23-313.54)

112,009

(84,543 − 145,990)

55.54

(41.92–72.39)

-4.78

(-4.97 to -4.59)

Oceania

2,858

(1,662-4,244)

141.32

(82.17-209.85)

5,144

(3,595-7,086)

116.13

(81.17-159.99)

-0.55

(-0.73 to -0.36)

South Asia

1,315,573

(1,116,161-1,497,912)

395.48

(335.53-450.29)

746,671

(559,140–976,528)

120.16

(89.98-157.15)

-4.00

(-4.19 to -3.81)

Southeast Asia

404,655

(338,524 − 473,087)

260.80

(218.18-304.91)

194,162

(158,026–242,903)

83.75

(68.16-104.77)

-3.37

(-3.44 to -3.29)

Southern Latin America

8,168

(6,944-9,670)

51.38

(43.68–60.83)

3,729

(2,812-4,885)

17.05

(12.86–22.33)

-2.79

(-3.02 to -2.56)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

41,239

(32,037–53,875)

238.18

(185.03-311.16)

31,625

(24,643 − 39,964)

115.45

(89.96–145.90)

-1.05

(-2.04 to -0.05)

Tropical Latin America

77,629

(69,713 − 86,526)

150.87

(135.49-168.16)

24,210

(20,615 − 27,912)

32.09

(27.32–36.99)

-4.06

(-4.48 to -3.64)

Western Europe

9,219

(7,253 − 12,289)

7.75

(6.10-10.33)

5,300

(3,362-8,270)

4.39

(2.79–6.85)

-1.36

(-1.51 to -1.2)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

403,528

(314,574 − 491,338)

695.37

(542.08-846.69)

635,307

(496,632–820,756)

399.91

(312.62-516.64)

-1.57

(-1.65 to -1.49)

Abbreviations: ASDAR, age-standardized DALYs rate; DALYs, Disability-Adjusted Life Years; MHD, Maternal Hypertensive Disorders; SDI, sociodemographic index; GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; UIs, uncertainty intervals; CI, confidence interval