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. 2025 May 19;16:1580271. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1580271

Table 1.

Toxin-based typing scheme of Clostridium perfringens.

Toxinotype Toxin (gene)
Alpha-toxin Beta-toxin Epsilon-toxin Iota-toxin Enterotoxin NetB
(plc or cpa) (cpb) (etx) (iap and ibp) (cpe) (netB)
A +
B + + +
C + + ±
D + + ±
E + + ±
F + +
G + +
Untypable (CP280) + + +