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. 2025 May 19;16:1580271. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1580271

Table 5.

Amended toxin-based typing scheme of Clostridium perfringens proposed in the present study.

Toxinotype Toxin (gene)
Alpha-toxin Beta-toxin Epsilon-toxin Iota-toxin Enterotoxin NetB
(plc or cpa) (cpb) (etx) (iap and ibp) (cpe) (netB)
A +
B + + +
C + + ±
D + + ±
E + + ±
F + +
G + ± +

The amendment to the typing requirement proposed in the present study is highlighted in the pink cell, and the toxinotype and toxin gene associated with this amendment are highlighted in yellow cells.